PMID- 31262888
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190708
LR  - 20190708
IS  - 1791-7530 (Electronic)
IS  - 0250-7005 (Linking)
VI  - 39
IP  - 7
DP  - 2019 Jul
TI  - Cetrimonium Bromide Inhibits Cell Migration and Invasion of Human Hepatic 
      SK-HEP-1 Cells Through Modulating the Canonical and Non-canonical TGF-beta Signaling 
      Pathways.
PG  - 3621-3631
LID - 10.21873/anticanres.13510 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND/AIM: Cetrimonium bromide (CTAB), a quaternary ammonium surfactant, is 
      an antiseptic agent against bacteria and fungi. However, the mechanisms by which 
      its pharmacological actions affect epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in 
      hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells, such as adenocarcinoma in SK-HEP-1 cells, 
      have not been investigated. We, thereby, investigated whether CTAB inhibits 
      cellular mobility and invasiveness of human hepatic adenocarcinoma in SK-HEP-1 
      cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: SK-HEP-1 cells were treated with CTAB, and 
      subsequent migration and invasion were measured by wound healing and transwell 
      assays. Protein expression was detected by immunoblotting analysis. RESULTS: Our 
      data revealed that treatment of SK-HEP-1 cells with CTAB altered their 
      mesenchymal spindle-like morphology. CTAB exerted inhibitory effects on the 
      migration and invasion of SK-HEP-1 cells dose-dependently, and reduced protein 
      levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-9, snail, slug, twist, 
      vimentin, fibronectin, N-cadherin, Smad2, Smad3, Smad4, phosphoinositide-3-kinase 
      (PI3K), p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, beta-catenin, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), 
      p-mTOR, p-p70S6K, p-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK)1/2, p-p38 
      mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but 
      increased protein levels of tissue inhibitor matrix metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), 
      TIMP-2, claudin-1 and p-GSK3beta. Based on these observations, we suggest that CTAB 
      not only inhibits the canonical transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling 
      pathway though reducing SMADs (an acronym from the fusion of Caenorhabditis 
      elegans Sma genes and the Drosophila Mad, Mothers against decapentaplegic 
      proteins), but also restrains the non-canonical TGF-beta signaling including MAPK 
      pathways like ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, JNK and PI3K. CONCLUSION: CTAB is involved in the 
      suppression of TGF-beta-mediated mesenchymal phenotype and could be a potent medical 
      agent for use in controlling the migration and invasion of hepatic 
      adenocarcinoma.
CI  - Copyright(c) 2019, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. 
      Delinasios), All rights reserved.
FAU - Wu, Tsai-Kun
AU  - Wu TK
AD  - Division of Renal Medicine, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, 
      Taiwan, R.O.C.
AD  - Department of Nutrition, Master Program of Biomedical Nutrition, Hungkuang 
      University, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C.
AD  - Department of Nursing, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and 
      Management, Miaoli, Taiwan, R.O.C.
FAU - Chen, Chung-Hung
AU  - Chen CH
AD  - Department of Gastroenterology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, 
      Changhua, Taiwan, R.O.C.
FAU - Pan, Ying-Ru
AU  - Pan YR
AD  - Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, 
      Taiwan, R.O.C.
FAU - Hu, Ching-Wen
AU  - Hu CW
AD  - Department of Nursing, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, 
      R.O.C.
FAU - Huang, Fu-Mei
AU  - Huang FM
AD  - Operating Theatre, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, 
      R.O.C.
FAU - Liu, Jer-Yuh
AU  - Liu JY
AD  - Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 
      Taiwan, R.O.C.
AD  - Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 
      Taiwan, R.O.C.
FAU - Lee, Chia-Jen
AU  - Lee CJ
AD  - Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metroharbor Hospital, Taichung, 
      Taiwan, R.O.C. chiajenlee54@gmail.com.
AD  - Department of Rehabilitation, Jen-Teh Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and 
      Management, Miaoli, Taiwan R.O.C.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Greece
TA  - Anticancer Res
JT  - Anticancer research
JID - 8102988
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Transforming Growth Factor beta)
RN  - Z7FF1XKL7A (Cetrimonium)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy/*metabolism
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Cell Line, Tumor
MH  - Cell Movement/drug effects
MH  - Cetrimonium/*pharmacology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy/*metabolism
MH  - Neoplasm Invasiveness
MH  - Signal Transduction/drug effects
MH  - Transforming Growth Factor beta/*metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cetrimonium bromide (CTAB)
OT  - SK-HEP-1
OT  - hepatic cancer
OT  - transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta)
EDAT- 2019/07/03 06:00
MHDA- 2019/07/10 06:00
CRDT- 2019/07/03 06:00
PHST- 2019/05/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/06/18 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/06/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/07/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/07/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/07/10 06:00 [medline]
AID - 39/7/3621 [pii]
AID - 10.21873/anticanres.13510 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Anticancer Res. 2019 Jul;39(7):3621-3631. doi: 10.21873/anticanres.13510.