PMID- 31264676 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200205 LR - 20200205 IS - 2042-650X (Electronic) IS - 2042-6496 (Linking) VI - 10 IP - 8 DP - 2019 Aug 1 TI - Antidepressant-like effects of dietary gardenia blue pigment derived from genipin and tyrosine. PG - 4533-4545 LID - 10.1039/c9fo00480g [doi] AB - Gardenia blue pigments derived from genipin reacting with amino acids have been used as natural food colorants for nearly 30 years in East Asia. However, their pharmacological effects, especially antidepressant-like effects, have not been reported so far. In this study, one of the gardenia blue pigments, was obtained from the reaction of genipin with tyrosine (genipin-tyrosine derivant (GTD)), and its antidepressant-like effects were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) models. The results showed that GTD could attenuate depressive-like behaviors in both animal models. GTD reversed the LPS-induced cytokine increase of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and corticosterone (CORT) in mice plasma and hippocampus. In CUMS rats, GTD treatment significantly reduced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis-related stress hormone levels in plasma including those of CORT, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH). Besides, GTD increased plasma testosterone and hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in CUMS rats. GTD increased serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and norepinephrine (NE) in rat hippocampus and corpus striatum. Consistently, hippocampal metabolomic analysis demonstrated that GTD restored monoamine neurotransmitter metabolism, mitochondrial oxidative function, and membrane structural integrity. Our data suggested that GTD produced antidepressant-like activity through the restoration of the HPA axis hormone balance and the regulation of neurotransmitter release. FAU - Li, Kuang-Dai AU - Li KD AD - Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, PR China. cuiyl@tju.edu.cn. FAU - Yan, Kuo AU - Yan K FAU - Wang, Qiang-Song AU - Wang QS FAU - Tian, Jun-Sheng AU - Tian JS FAU - Xu, Dong AU - Xu D FAU - Zhang, Wen-Yan AU - Zhang WY FAU - Cui, Yuan-Lu AU - Cui YL LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20190702 PL - England TA - Food Funct JT - Food & function JID - 101549033 RN - 0 (Antidepressive Agents) RN - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) RN - 0 (Interleukin-6) RN - 0 (Iridoids) RN - 0 (Pigments, Biological) RN - 0 (Plant Extracts) RN - 333DO1RDJY (Serotonin) RN - 42HK56048U (Tyrosine) RN - A3V2NE52YG (genipin) RN - W980KJ009P (Corticosterone) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Antidepressive Agents/*administration & dosage/chemistry MH - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism MH - Corticosterone/metabolism MH - Depression/*drug therapy/genetics/metabolism/psychology MH - Gardenia/*chemistry MH - Hippocampus/drug effects/metabolism MH - Humans MH - Interleukin-6/genetics/metabolism MH - Iridoids/*chemistry MH - Male MH - Mice MH - Mice, Inbred C57BL MH - Pigments, Biological/*administration & dosage/chemistry MH - Pituitary-Adrenal System/drug effects/metabolism MH - Plant Extracts/*administration & dosage/chemistry MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - Serotonin/metabolism MH - Tyrosine/*chemistry EDAT- 2019/07/03 06:00 MHDA- 2020/02/06 06:00 CRDT- 2019/07/03 06:00 PHST- 2019/07/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/02/06 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/07/03 06:00 [entrez] AID - 10.1039/c9fo00480g [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Food Funct. 2019 Aug 1;10(8):4533-4545. doi: 10.1039/c9fo00480g. Epub 2019 Jul 2.