PMID- 31276995
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191126
LR  - 20191126
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 689
DP  - 2019 Nov 1
TI  - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and novel brominated flame retardants in human 
      milk from the general population in Beijing, China: Occurrence, temporal trends, 
      nursing infants' exposure and risk assessment.
PG  - 278-286
LID - S0048-9697(19)33015-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.442 [doi]
AB  - The levels of eight polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners, and six novel 
      brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) were determined in human milk collected from 
      Beijing, China in 2014. The tested 111 samples were collected from 37 mothers, 
      and each donor provided one milk sample per month for 3 months after childbirth. 
      Levels of  summation operatorPBDEs (total tri- to deca-BDEs) were in the range of 0.288 to 
      22.2 ng g(-1) lw (lipid weight). BDE-209, with a median level of 2.2 ng g(-1) lw, 
      was the predominant congener. Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), as an NBFR and a 
      substitute for deca-BDE, was found to be the most abundant BFR in all tested 
      human milk (median:5.96 ng g(-1) lw). This result might suggest that the 
      predominantly consumed BFRs in China have changed from PBDEs to PBDE substitutes. 
      Additionally, a comparison to our previous studies conducted in 2005 and 2011 
      revealed that levels of tri- to hepta-BDEs showed significant reduction from 2005 
      to 2014, whereas levels of BDE-209 showed no significant variation from 2011 to 
      2014. Temporal trends of BFR levels over the three months of lactation were also 
      investigated, and no significant changes were found in concentration with time 
      over the three months lactation. For nursing infants up to 6 months old, the 
      median lower bound of daily BFR intakes via human milk ingestion ranged from zero 
      for 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE) and 
      1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)-ethane (BTBPE) to 18.7 ng kg(-1) bodyweight 
      day(-1) for DBDPE. Although the daily dietary BFR intake for nursing infants was 
      found to be much higher than that for adults, the risk assessment evaluated by 
      the margin of exposure (MOE) approach revealed that dietary BFR intake for 
      nursing infants was unlikely to pose significant health risks.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Chen, Tian
AU  - Chen T
AD  - School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, 
      Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
FAU - Huang, Morong
AU  - Huang M
AD  - School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, 
      Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
FAU - Li, Jian
AU  - Li J
AD  - School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, 
      Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Dongcheng District 
      Administration Center of Community Health Service, Beijing 100010, China.
FAU - Li, Jingguang
AU  - Li J
AD  - NHC Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, China National Center for Food 
      Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, China.
FAU - Shi, Zhixiong
AU  - Shi Z
AD  - School of Public Health and Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, 
      Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China. Electronic address: 
      szx0127@ccmu.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190627
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Flame Retardants)
RN  - 0 (Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Beijing
MH  - Breast Feeding
MH  - *Environmental Exposure
MH  - Female
MH  - Flame Retardants/*metabolism
MH  - Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/*metabolism
MH  - Halogenation
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Infant, Newborn
MH  - Milk, Human/*chemistry
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Seasons
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Brominated flame retardants
OT  - Decabrominated diphenyl ether
OT  - Exposure assessment
OT  - Human milk
OT  - Lactation
OT  - Polybrominated diphenyl ethers
OT  - Temporal trends
EDAT- 2019/07/06 06:00
MHDA- 2019/11/27 06:00
CRDT- 2019/07/06 06:00
PHST- 2019/03/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/06/26 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/06/26 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/07/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/11/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/07/06 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(19)33015-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.442 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2019 Nov 1;689:278-286. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.442. 
      Epub 2019 Jun 27.