PMID- 31286748
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200928
IS  - 2233-6567 (Print)
IS  - 2233-6567 (Electronic)
IS  - 2233-6567 (Linking)
VI  - 34
IP  - 2
DP  - 2019 Jun
TI  - Eye irritation tests of polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG) and 
      chloromethylisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (CMIT/MIT) using a tissue model 
      of reconstructed human cornea-like epithelium.
PG  - e2019004
LID - 10.5620/eht.e2019004 [doi]
LID - e2019004
AB  - Disinfectants including polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate (PHMG) and mixtures 
      of chloromethylisothiazolinone/ methylisothiazolinone (CMIT/MIT) have been widely 
      used in Korea to prevent microbial growth in the humidifier water, which 
      triggered an outbreak of serious respiratory diseases. In addition to the 
      respiratory syndrome, disease-related symptoms including liver toxicity, asthma, 
      and skin allergies were also found after extensive survey of people exposed to 
      the humidifier disinfectants (HDs). In this study, eye irritation tests were 
      performed based on the Organization for economic co-operation and development 
      (OECD) test guidelines 492 using EpiOcularTM which is a tissue model of 
      reconstructed human cornea-like epithelium. As results, the raw materials of PHMG 
      (26% as active ingredient) and CMIT/MIT (1.5% as active ingredient) were 
      classified under UN globally harmonized system of classification and labeling of 
      chemical (GHS) category 1 or category 2. However, aqueous dilutions of raw 
      materials such as market products of HDs that contain 0.13% of PHMG and 0.03% of 
      CMIT/MIT or further dilutions of the market products for humidifier that contain 
      0.0013% of PHMG and 0.0003% of CMIT/MIT were classified under any category, which 
      suggested absence of eye irritation at the test concentration.
FAU - Park, Juyoung
AU  - Park J
AD  - College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Korea.
FAU - Lee, Handule
AU  - Lee H
AD  - College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Korea.
FAU - Park, Kwangsik
AU  - Park K
AD  - College of Pharmacy, Dongduk Women's University, Seoul 02748, Korea.
LA  - eng
GR  - 2017001360001/Korea ministry of environment/International
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190624
PL  - Korea (South)
TA  - Environ Health Toxicol
JT  - Environmental health and toxicology
JID - 101570455
PMC - PMC6620617
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - EpiOcularTM
OT  - chloromethylisothiazolinone
OT  - eye irritation
OT  - methylisothiazolinone
OT  - polyhexamethylene guanidine phosphate
COIS- The authors have no conflicts of interest associated with this study to disclose.
EDAT- 2019/07/10 06:00
MHDA- 2019/07/10 06:01
PMCR- 2019/06/24
CRDT- 2019/07/10 06:00
PHST- 2019/03/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/06/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/07/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/07/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/07/10 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/06/24 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - eht.e2019004 [pii]
AID - eht-34-2-e2019004 [pii]
AID - 10.5620/eht.e2019004 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Health Toxicol. 2019 Jun;34(2):e2019004. doi: 10.5620/eht.e2019004. Epub 
      2019 Jun 24.