PMID- 31289567
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200930
IS  - 1792-1074 (Print)
IS  - 1792-1082 (Electronic)
IS  - 1792-1074 (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 1
DP  - 2019 Jul
TI  - Inhibition of proliferation and migration of melanoma cells by ketoconazole and 
      Ganoderma immunomodulatory proteins.
PG  - 891-897
LID - 10.3892/ol.2019.10355 [doi]
AB  - Ketoconazole, an antifungal agent, has been used to inhibit hormone synthesis in 
      types of prostate and breast cancer. Immunomodulatory proteins of Ganoderma 
      microsporum (GMI) inhibit the tumor necrosis factor-alpha- and epidermal growth 
      factor-induced metastatic ability of lung cancer cells. Cutaneous malignant 
      melanoma is a highly invasive and metastatic skin cancer. However, to the best of 
      our knowledge, there is limited understanding regarding the effects of 
      ketoconazole and GMI on melanoma. The current study aimed to investigate the 
      inhibitory effects of GMI combined with ketoconazole on melanoma survival and 
      metastasis. The effects of GMI combined with ketoconazole on the viability, 
      migration and protein expression of melanoma cells were determined by MTT assay, 
      Boyden chamber assay and western blot analysis, respectively. The expression of 
      monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) was investigated by enzyme-linked 
      immunoabsorbent assay. The present results indicate that ketoconazole enhances 
      the GMI-induced decrease in proliferation and migration of A375.S2 melanoma cells 
      in a concentration-dependent manner. Ketoconazole was identified to reduce the 
      level of GMI-induced phosphorylated-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein 
      kinase (p-AMPK)-alpha and autophagy; however, ketoconazole did not affect p-AMPK-beta 
      levels in A375.S2 cells. In addition, ketoconazole and dorsomorphin 
      dihydrochloride, an AMPK inhibitor, were revealed to reduce MCP-1 secretion in 
      A375.S2 cells. In summary, the present study revealed that ketoconazole enhances 
      GMI-inhibited proliferation and migration of A375.S2 melanoma cancer cells, and 
      inhibits the secretion of MCP-1.
FAU - Lu, Chun-Te
AU  - Lu CT
AD  - Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 
      Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C.
AD  - Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung 
      Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan, R.O.C.
FAU - Leong, Pui-Ying
AU  - Leong PY
AD  - Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 
      Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C.
AD  - Department of Rheumatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 
      40201, Taiwan, R.O.C.
FAU - Hou, Ting-Yi
AU  - Hou TY
AD  - Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 
      Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C.
FAU - Kang, Yu-Ting
AU  - Kang YT
AD  - Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 
      Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C.
FAU - Chiang, Yan-Cheng
AU  - Chiang YC
AD  - Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 
      Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C.
AD  - Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 
      40201, Taiwan, R.O.C.
FAU - Hsu, Chih-Ting
AU  - Hsu CT
AD  - Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 
      Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C.
FAU - Lin, Yan-De
AU  - Lin YD
AD  - Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University 
      Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C.
FAU - Ko, Jiunn-Liang
AU  - Ko JL
AD  - Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 
      Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C.
AD  - Department of Medical Oncology and Chest Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University 
      Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C.
FAU - Hsiao, Yu-Ping
AU  - Hsiao YP
AD  - Institute of Medicine, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, 
      Taichung 40201, Taiwan, R.O.C.
AD  - Department of Dermatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 
      40201, Taiwan, R.O.C.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190514
PL  - Greece
TA  - Oncol Lett
JT  - Oncology letters
JID - 101531236
PMC - PMC6539804
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Ganoderma microsporum
OT  - adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase
OT  - ketoconazole
OT  - melanoma
OT  - monocyte chemoattractant protein-1
EDAT- 2019/07/11 06:00
MHDA- 2019/07/11 06:01
PMCR- 2019/05/14
CRDT- 2019/07/11 06:00
PHST- 2018/02/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/03/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/07/11 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/07/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/07/11 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/05/14 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - OL-0-0-10355 [pii]
AID - 10.3892/ol.2019.10355 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Oncol Lett. 2019 Jul;18(1):891-897. doi: 10.3892/ol.2019.10355. Epub 2019 May 14.