PMID- 31296449
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200415
LR  - 20200415
IS  - 1878-3562 (Electronic)
IS  - 1590-8658 (Linking)
VI  - 51
IP  - 8
DP  - 2019 Aug
TI  - Hepatotoxicity of immune check point inhibitors: Approach and management.
PG  - 1074-1078
LID - S1590-8658(19)30674-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.dld.2019.06.017 [doi]
AB  - Therapeutic reversal of immune tolerance following immune checkpoint inhibitors 
      (ICPI) administration, has proven effective in prolonging survival of patients 
      with a variety of solid and liquid tumors, often however at the expenses of 
      discrete toxicities known as immune-related adverse events (AEs). Such reactions 
      result from activation of the immune system and often present with generalized 
      symptoms including fatigue or fever and, in some patients, may cause 
      organ-specific damage. Skin, gut, endocrine, lung and musculoskeletal are the 
      most frequent targets of ICPI toxicity whereas, cardiovascular, hematologic, 
      renal, neurologic and ophthalmologic AEs occur much less frequently. While the 
      majority of AEs are mild to moderate, serious, occasionally life-threatening 
      reactions have been reported, including severe colitis, pneumonitis, 
      encephalitis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, myocarditis, and diabetic ketoacidosis, 
      with a death toll of 2%. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is becoming an attractive 
      area for immunotherapy. Owing to the fact that the association of HCC with 
      cirrhosis may jeopardize tolerability of ICPI therapy, attention has been paid to 
      identifying, preventing, and treating the AEs associated with ICPI, with a focus 
      on liver safety. Though in most studies AEs resolved with interruption of 
      treatment and short course of steroids, identification of predictive biomarkers 
      of response might help sparing patients from potentially life-threatening 
      toxicity in the absence of clinical benefit.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by 
      Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Lleo, Ana
AU  - Lleo A
AD  - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, MI, Italy; Department of 
      Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, MI, Italy.
FAU - Rimassa, Lorenza
AU  - Rimassa L
AD  - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, MI, Italy.
FAU - Colombo, Massimo
AU  - Colombo M
AD  - Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCS, Rozzano, MI, Italy. Electronic 
      address: mcolombo46@yahoo.it.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20190708
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Dig Liver Dis
JT  - Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of 
      Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver
JID - 100958385
SB  - IM
MH  - Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
MH  - Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/*diagnosis/etiology/*therapy
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunotherapy/*adverse effects
MH  - Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Autoimmune hepatitis
OT  - Hepatocellular carcinoma
OT  - Liver cirrhosis
OT  - Liver toxicity
EDAT- 2019/07/13 06:00
MHDA- 2020/04/16 06:00
CRDT- 2019/07/13 06:00
PHST- 2019/04/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/06/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/06/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/07/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/04/16 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/07/13 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S1590-8658(19)30674-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.dld.2019.06.017 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Dig Liver Dis. 2019 Aug;51(8):1074-1078. doi: 10.1016/j.dld.2019.06.017. Epub 
      2019 Jul 8.