PMID- 31310779
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200511
LR  - 20211204
IS  - 1872-9754 (Electronic)
IS  - 0197-0186 (Linking)
VI  - 129
DP  - 2019 Oct
TI  - The role of glutamine in neurogenesis promoted by the green tea amino acid 
      theanine in neural progenitor cells for brain health.
PG  - 104505
LID - S0197-0186(19)30265-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104505 [doi]
AB  - The green tea amino acid theanine is abundant in green tea rather than black and 
      oolong teas, which are all made of the identical tea plant "Chanoki" (Camellia 
      sinensis). Theanine has a molecular structure close to glutamine (GLN) compared 
      to glutamic acid (Glu), in terms of the absence of a free carboxylic acid moiety 
      from the gamma carbon position. Theanine efficiently inhibits [(3)H]GLN uptake 
      without affecting [(3)H]Glu uptake in rat brain synaptosomes. In contrast to GLN, 
      however, theanine markedly stimulates the abilities to replicate and to commit to 
      a neuronal lineage following prolonged exposure in cultured neural progenitor 
      cells (NPCs) prepared from embryonic and adult rodent brains. Upregulation of 
      transcript expression is found for one of the GLN transporter isoforms, Slc38a1, 
      besides the promotion of both proliferation and neuronal commitment along with 
      acceleration of the phosphorylation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and 
      relevant downstream proteins, in murine NPCs cultured with theanine. Stable 
      overexpression of Slc38a1 similarly facilitates both cellular replication and 
      neuronal commitment in pluripotent embryonic carcinoma P19 cells. In P19 cells 
      with stable overexpression of Slc38a1, marked phosphorylation is seen for mTOR 
      and downstream proteins in a manner insensitive to further additional 
      phosphorylation by theanine. Taken together, theanine would exhibit a novel 
      pharmacological property to up-regulate Slc38a1 expression for activation of the 
      intracellular mTOR signaling pathway required for neurogenesis after sustained 
      exposure in undifferentiated NPCs in the brain. In this review, a novel 
      neurogenic property of the green tea amino acid theanine is summarized for 
      embryonic and adult neurogenesis with a focus on the endogenous amino acid GLN on 
      the basis of our accumulating evidence to date.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Yoneda, Yukio
AU  - Yoneda Y
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, 
      565-0871, Japan; The Institute of Prophylactic Pharmacology, Kita-Shinagawa, 
      Shinagawa, 140-0001, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: 
      yyoneda@p.kanazawa-u.ac.jp.
FAU - Kuramoto, Nobuyuki
AU  - Kuramoto N
AD  - The Institute of Prophylactic Pharmacology, Kita-Shinagawa, Shinagawa, 140-0001, 
      Tokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Setsunan University Faculty 
      of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hirakata, 573-0101, Japan.
FAU - Kawada, Koichi
AU  - Kawada K
AD  - The Institute of Prophylactic Pharmacology, Kita-Shinagawa, Shinagawa, 140-0001, 
      Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Chiba Institute of Science Faculty of 
      Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba, 288-0025, Japan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20190713
PL  - England
TA  - Neurochem Int
JT  - Neurochemistry international
JID - 8006959
RN  - 0 (Amino Acid Transport System A)
RN  - 0 (Glutamates)
RN  - 0 (Neuroprotective Agents)
RN  - 0 (Slc38a1 protein, mouse)
RN  - 0 (Tea)
RN  - 0RH81L854J (Glutamine)
RN  - 8021PR16QO (theanine)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amino Acid Transport System A/physiology
MH  - Animals
MH  - Brain/*drug effects
MH  - Cognition Disorders/drug therapy/prevention & control
MH  - Double-Blind Method
MH  - Forecasting
MH  - Glutamates/chemistry/*pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Glutamine/chemistry/*physiology
MH  - Hippocampus/drug effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/metabolism
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Transgenic
MH  - Mood Disorders/drug therapy
MH  - Neural Stem Cells/*drug effects/physiology
MH  - Neurogenesis/*drug effects/physiology
MH  - Neuroprotective Agents/*pharmacology
MH  - Phosphorylation/drug effects
MH  - Phytotherapy
MH  - Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
MH  - Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
MH  - Rats
MH  - Sleep Wake Disorders/drug therapy
MH  - TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
MH  - Tea/chemistry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Glutamine
OT  - Green tea
OT  - Neural stem cell
OT  - Neurogenesis
OT  - Theanine
OT  - mTOR
EDAT- 2019/07/17 06:00
MHDA- 2020/05/12 06:00
CRDT- 2019/07/17 06:00
PHST- 2019/05/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/07/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/07/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/07/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/05/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/07/17 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0197-0186(19)30265-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104505 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neurochem Int. 2019 Oct;129:104505. doi: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104505. Epub 2019 
      Jul 13.