PMID- 31310850
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200106
LR  - 20200106
IS  - 1095-9947 (Electronic)
IS  - 1050-4648 (Linking)
VI  - 93
DP  - 2019 Oct
TI  - Dietary tryptophan supplementation induces a transient immune enhancement of 
      gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles fed fishmeal-free diets.
PG  - 240-250
LID - S1050-4648(19)30742-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.033 [doi]
AB  - European aquaculture is an industry with a high sustainability profile 
      contributing to the supply of safe seafood. However, several diseases can affect 
      farmed fish and it is imperative to find alternatives for chemotherapeutic 
      treatments when disease outbreaks occur. Maintenance of health through nutrition 
      is well-establish in modern animal farming, and amino acids (AA) are promising 
      candidates as functional additives to improve fish health. Therefore, the goal of 
      this research is to provide a better understanding of the influence of tryptophan 
      supplementation on nutritional condition and immune mechanisms in fish. 
      Triplicate groups of fish (13.3 +/- 0.3g) previously fed with a fishmeal-based diet 
      were either fed a control diet with an extreme formulation (0% fishmeal) but 
      meeting the AA requirements (CTRL), or the SUP diet, formulated as the CTRL with 
      an increase in tryptophan (TRP) content. After 2 and 13 weeks of feeding, 
      head-kidney (HK), liver (L) and white skeletal muscle (WSM) were collected for 
      gene expression, whereas plasma was suited for humoral immune parameters. A 
      holistic approach using transcriptomic, humoral and zootechnical parameters was 
      undertaken. The expression of 29-31 genes for WSM, L or HK confirms an effect due 
      to the treatment across time. A two-way ANOVA analysis revealed that 15-24 genes 
      varied significantly depending on the tissue, and the multivariate analysis by 
      means of PLS-DA explained (R(2)) and predicted (Q(2)) with four components up to 
      93% and 78% of total variance, respectively. Component 1 (R(2) = 50.06%) 
      represented the time effects, whereas components 2 (24.36%) and 3 (13.89%) 
      grouped fish on the basis of dietary treatment, at early sampling. The HK results 
      in particular suggest that fish fed SUP diet displayed an immunostimulated state 
      at 2 weeks. No major differences were observed in plasma humoral parameters, 
      despite an increase in antiprotease and peroxidase activities after 13 weeks 
      regardless of dietary treatment. These results suggest that tryptophan 
      supplementation may improve the seabream immune status after 2 weeks. Hence, the 
      use of functional feeds is especially relevant during a short-term feeding period 
      before a predictable stressful event or disease outbreak, considering that these 
      putative advantageous effects seem to disappear after a 13 weeks feeding period.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ramos-Pinto, Lourenco
AU  - Ramos-Pinto L
AD  - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 
      Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixoes, Avenida General 
      Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Instituto de Ciencias 
      Biomedicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo 
      Ferreira n masculine 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; SPAROS Lda, Area Empresarial de 
      Marim, Lote C, 8700-221, Olhao, Portugal. Electronic address: 
      lourenco.pinto@ciimar.up.pt.
FAU - Martos-Sitcha, Juan A
AU  - Martos-Sitcha JA
AD  - Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre 
      de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, 12595, Castellon, Spain.
FAU - Reis, Bruno
AU  - Reis B
AD  - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 
      Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixoes, Avenida General 
      Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Instituto de Ciencias 
      Biomedicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo 
      Ferreira n masculine 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal; SPAROS Lda, Area Empresarial de 
      Marim, Lote C, 8700-221, Olhao, Portugal; SORGAL, Sociedade de Oleos e Racoes, 
      S.A, Estrada Nacional 109, Lugar da Pardala, 3880-728, S. Joao de Ovar, Portugal.
FAU - Azeredo, Rita
AU  - Azeredo R
AD  - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 
      Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixoes, Avenida General 
      Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Instituto de Ciencias 
      Biomedicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo 
      Ferreira n masculine 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
FAU - Fernandez-Boo, Sergio
AU  - Fernandez-Boo S
AD  - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 
      Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixoes, Avenida General 
      Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
FAU - Perez-Sanchez, Jaume
AU  - Perez-Sanchez J
AD  - Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre 
      de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, 12595, Castellon, Spain.
FAU - Calduch-Giner, Josep Alvar
AU  - Calduch-Giner JA
AD  - Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre 
      de la Sal, IATS-CSIC, 12595, Castellon, Spain.
FAU - Engrola, Sofia
AU  - Engrola S
AD  - CCMAR, Centro de Ciencias do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 
      8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
FAU - Conceicao, Luis E C
AU  - Conceicao LEC
AD  - SPAROS Lda, Area Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221, Olhao, Portugal.
FAU - Dias, Jorge
AU  - Dias J
AD  - SPAROS Lda, Area Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221, Olhao, Portugal.
FAU - Silva, Tome S
AU  - Silva TS
AD  - SPAROS Lda, Area Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221, Olhao, Portugal.
FAU - Costas, Benjamin
AU  - Costas B
AD  - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), 
      Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixoes, Avenida General 
      Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Instituto de Ciencias 
      Biomedicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS-UP), Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo 
      Ferreira n masculine 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal. Electronic address: 
      bcostas@ciimar.up.pt.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190713
PL  - England
TA  - Fish Shellfish Immunol
JT  - Fish & shellfish immunology
JID - 9505220
RN  - 8DUH1N11BX (Tryptophan)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animal Feed/analysis
MH  - Animals
MH  - Diet/veterinary
MH  - Dietary Supplements/analysis
MH  - Immunity, Innate/*drug effects
MH  - Random Allocation
MH  - Sea Bream/*immunology/metabolism
MH  - Time Factors
MH  - Tryptophan/administration & dosage/*metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Amino acids
OT  - Aquaculture
OT  - Functional ingredients
OT  - Growth
OT  - Immunology
OT  - Nutrition
EDAT- 2019/07/17 06:00
MHDA- 2020/01/07 06:00
CRDT- 2019/07/17 06:00
PHST- 2019/05/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/07/12 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/07/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/07/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/01/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/07/17 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S1050-4648(19)30742-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.033 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2019 Oct;93:240-250. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.033. Epub 
      2019 Jul 13.