PMID- 31319615
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20201001
IS  - 1996-1944 (Print)
IS  - 1996-1944 (Electronic)
IS  - 1996-1944 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 14
DP  - 2019 Jul 17
TI  - Effects of Modified Metakaolin Using Nano-Silica on the Mechanical Properties and 
      Durability of Concrete.
LID - 10.3390/ma12142291 [doi]
LID - 2291
AB  - This paper discussed the effects of modified metakaolin (MK) with nano-silica 
      (NS) on the mechanical properties and durability of concrete. In the first phase, 
      trial mixes of concrete were prepared for achieving the desired value of the 28 
      days compressive strength, and the charge passed in rapid chloride permeability 
      test (RCPT). In the second phase, statistical analysis was performed on the 
      experimental results using the response surface method (RSM). The RSM was applied 
      for optimizing the mix proportions for the required performance by exploiting the 
      relationship between the mix characteristics and the corresponding test results. 
      A blend of 10% MK + 1% NS as part of cement replacement exhibited the highest 
      mechanical properties and durability characteristics of concrete; concrete mix 
      showed that the 28-days compressive strength (CS) was 103 MPa, which was 15% 
      greater than the CS of the control mix without MK or NS. The same mix showed more 
      than 40% higher flexural and split-tensile strength than the control mix; also it 
      resulted in a reduction of 73% in the rapid chloride permeability value. ANOVA 
      technique was used for optimizing the nano-silica and metakaolin content for 
      achieving maximum compressive strength and minimum RCPT value. Statistical 
      analysis using ANOVA technique showed that the maximum compressive strength and 
      lowest RCPT value could be achieved with a blend of 10% MK and 1.55% NS.
FAU - Shafiq, Nasir
AU  - Shafiq N
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9496-5430
AD  - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 
      Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia. nasirshafiq@utp.edu.my.
FAU - Kumar, Rabinder
AU  - Kumar R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3487-8244
AD  - Department of Civil Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and 
      Technology, Topi 23460 KPK, Pakistan.
FAU - Zahid, Muhammad
AU  - Zahid M
AD  - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 
      Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia. muhammadzahidutp@gmail.com.
FAU - Tufail, Rana Faisal
AU  - Tufail RF
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2875-7991
AD  - College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, 
      China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190717
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Materials (Basel)
JT  - Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101555929
PMC - PMC6678577
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - concrete
OT  - concrete durability
OT  - mercury porosimetry
OT  - nano-silica
OT  - response surface method
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2019/07/20 06:00
MHDA- 2019/07/20 06:01
PMCR- 2019/07/17
CRDT- 2019/07/20 06:00
PHST- 2019/06/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/07/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/07/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/07/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/07/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/07/20 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/07/17 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ma12142291 [pii]
AID - materials-12-02291 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ma12142291 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Materials (Basel). 2019 Jul 17;12(14):2291. doi: 10.3390/ma12142291.