PMID- 31323297 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200921 LR - 20200921 IS - 1522-9653 (Electronic) IS - 1063-4584 (Linking) VI - 27 IP - 11 DP - 2019 Nov TI - Protective effects of extracorporeal shockwave on rat chondrocytes and temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis; preclinical evaluation with in vivo(99m)Tc-HDP SPECT and ex vivo micro-CT. PG - 1692-1701 LID - S1063-4584(19)31139-2 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.joca.2019.07.008 [doi] AB - OBJECTIVE: Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been shown to have chondroprotective effects on arthritic diseases. We investigated the effects of ESWT on temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) using rat chondrocytes and TMJOA rat models. DESIGN: Cell viability and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, cartilage degradation, and apoptosis markers were measured in control, monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-treated and ESWT plus MIA-treated chondrocytes in vitro, and intra-articular MIA injection (TMJOA) and ESWT on TMJOA rats in vivo. In vivo(99m)Tc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HDP) single-photon emission computerized tomography/computerized tomography (SPECT/CT) and ex-vivo micro-CT and histologic examinations were performed in rat models. RESULTS: ESWT plus MIA-treated chondrocytes showed increased cell viability significantly (P = 0.007), while decreased genetic expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and interleukin-6 (IL-6); P < 0.001 for each] and cartilage degradation markers [matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3), matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP13), and bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7); P < 0.001 for each], and number of apoptotic cells (P < 0.001) compared to MIA-treated chondrocytes. Changes in cytochrome c and cleaved caspase-3 levels relative to procaspase-3 were decreased over MIA-treated chondrocytes. ESWT on TMJOA rat models was associated with a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory and cartilage degradation markers, as demonstrated by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry stains (P < 0.001 for each). On (99m)Tc-HDP SPECT/CT, the ESWT group showed a significantly lower uptake ratio compared to the TMJOA group (P = 0.008). Micro-CT analysis revealed that the ESWT group showed improved structure and bone quality compared to the TMJOA control group. CONCLUSIONS: ESWT was associated with a protective effect on cartilage and subchondral bone structures of TMJOA by reducing inflammation, cartilage degradation, and chondrocyte apoptosis. CI - Copyright (c) 2019 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Kim, Y-H AU - Kim YH AD - Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: cine82@hanmail.net. FAU - Bang, J-I AU - Bang JI AD - Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: bangjiin@gmail.com. FAU - Son, H-J AU - Son HJ AD - Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: sshj3534@nate.com. FAU - Kim, Y AU - Kim Y AD - Department of Conservative Dentistry, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: yemis@ewha.ac.kr. FAU - Kim, J H AU - Kim JH AD - Department of Oral Health Science, Ewha Womans University Graduate School of Clinical Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: jihoi3537@gmail.com. FAU - Bae, H AU - Bae H AD - Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: acebhs@ewha.ac.kr. FAU - Han, S J AU - Han SJ AD - Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: ocrystal@ewha.ac.kr. FAU - Yoon, H-J AU - Yoon HJ AD - Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: haijeon.yoon@gmail.com. FAU - Kim, B S AU - Kim BS AD - Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: kbomsahn@ewha.ac.kr. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20190716 PL - England TA - Osteoarthritis Cartilage JT - Osteoarthritis and cartilage JID - 9305697 RN - 0 (Diphosphonates) RN - 0 (Organotechnetium Compounds) RN - 0 (technetium 99m hydroxyethylene-diphosphonate) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Cartilage, Articular/*diagnostic imaging MH - Cell Proliferation MH - Cells, Cultured MH - Diphosphonates/*pharmacology MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy/*methods MH - Flow Cytometry MH - Male MH - Organotechnetium Compounds/*pharmacology MH - Osteoarthritis/diagnosis/*therapy MH - Rats MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - Temporomandibular Joint/*diagnostic imaging MH - Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon/*methods MH - X-Ray Microtomography/*methods OTO - NOTNLM OT - Chondrocytes OT - Extracorporeal shock wave OT - Micro CT OT - Single photon emission computed tomography OT - Technetium 99m hydroxyethylene-diphosphonate OT - Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis EDAT- 2019/07/20 06:00 MHDA- 2020/09/22 06:00 CRDT- 2019/07/20 06:00 PHST- 2019/03/27 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/06/30 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/07/06 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/07/20 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/09/22 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/07/20 06:00 [entrez] AID - S1063-4584(19)31139-2 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.joca.2019.07.008 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2019 Nov;27(11):1692-1701. doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.07.008. Epub 2019 Jul 16.