PMID- 31336954
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200102
LR  - 20200309
IS  - 1660-4601 (Electronic)
IS  - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS  - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI  - 16
IP  - 14
DP  - 2019 Jul 12
TI  - Immunological Factors Associated with Adult Asthma in the Aseer Region, 
      Southwestern Saudi Arabia.
LID - 10.3390/ijerph16142495 [doi]
LID - 2495
AB  - BACKGROUND: The prevalence of asthma is on the rise in Saudi Arabia. Data 
      regarding the immunological profile of asthma in adults in the Aseer region, in 
      southwestern Saudi Arabia, have not been well studied. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to 
      study the immunological factors associated with sensitization to asthma among 
      adults in the Aseer region. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with a nested case 
      control design in a 1:1 ratio was conducted on a sample of adults attending 
      primary health care centers in the Aseer region. The study used a validated 
      Arabic version of the International study of asthma and allergies in childhood 
      (ISAAC) questionnaire. The presence of wheezing in the past 12 months was used as 
      a proxy for bronchial asthma. Matched age and sex controls were selected. Both 
      groups were tested for complete blood count (CBC), total and differential white 
      blood cell (WBC) count including eosinophils, total immunoglobulin E (IgE) 
      measurement, allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE), and cytokine levels. 
      RESULTS: The present study included 110 cases and 157 age- and sex-matched 
      controls. Rye wheat was found to be a significant outdoor sensitizing agent 
      ((odds ratio) OR = 5.23, 95% CI: 1.06-25.69). Indoors, house dust mites 
      Dermatophagoides petronyssinus (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.04-3.99) and 
      Dermatophagoides farinae (OR = 2.50, 95% CI: 1.09-5.75) were significant. Higher 
      total IgE (OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.10-3.06) and eosinophil levels (OR = 2.85, 95% 
      CI: 1.14-7.15) were significantly associated with adult bronchial asthma in 
      Aseer. On the other hand, the role of cytokines was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: 
      In the present study, certain environmental agents were found to be important 
      with regards to sensitization to bronchial asthma in adults. Knowledge about 
      these sensitization agents should be disseminated to health providers and 
      treating physicians in order to enhance preventive environmental control measures 
      and asthma management. Asthma-treating physicians in the region should be alerted 
      to the use of targeted biological therapies in selected asthmatics with 
      difficult-to-control courses.
FAU - Al-Ghamdi, Badr R
AU  - Al-Ghamdi BR
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, 
      Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia. bralghamdi@kku.edu.sa.
FAU - Koshak, Emad A
AU  - Koshak EA
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Abdul Aziz University, 
      Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Omer, Fakhreldin M
AU  - Omer FM
AD  - Department of Clinical Microbiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, 
      Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Awadalla, Nabil J
AU  - Awadalla NJ
AD  - Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid 
      University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
AD  - Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine Mansoura University, 
      Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
FAU - Mahfouz, Ahmed A
AU  - Mahfouz AA
AD  - Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid 
      University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia.
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria 
      University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt.
FAU - Ageely, Hussein M
AU  - Ageely HM
AD  - Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 
      45142, Saudi Arabia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20190712
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT  - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
RN  - 0 (Allergens)
RN  - 0 (Immunologic Factors)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Allergens
MH  - Animals
MH  - Asthma/*epidemiology/*etiology/immunology
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Child
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Dermatophagoides farinae/immunology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypersensitivity
MH  - Immunologic Factors
MH  - Leukocyte Count
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Odds Ratio
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Pyroglyphidae/immunology
MH  - Respiratory Sounds
MH  - Saudi Arabia/epidemiology
MH  - Secale
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC6678431
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Saudi Arabia
OT  - adult asthma
OT  - allergen-specific IgE
OT  - eosinophils
OT  - total IgE
COIS- The authors certify that there is no conflict of interest with any financial 
      organization regarding the material discussed in the manuscript.
EDAT- 2019/07/25 06:00
MHDA- 2020/01/03 06:00
PMCR- 2019/07/01
CRDT- 2019/07/25 06:00
PHST- 2019/05/13 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/07/09 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/07/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/07/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/07/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/01/03 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijerph16142495 [pii]
AID - ijerph-16-02495 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph16142495 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Jul 12;16(14):2495. doi: 
      10.3390/ijerph16142495.