PMID- 31340608
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200129
LR  - 20200225
IS  - 1648-9144 (Electronic)
IS  - 1010-660X (Print)
IS  - 1010-660X (Linking)
VI  - 55
IP  - 7
DP  - 2019 Jul 23
TI  - Wheat Allergy in Children: A Comprehensive Update.
LID - 10.3390/medicina55070400 [doi]
LID - 400
AB  - Gluten-related disorders are very common in pediatric patients. Wheat allergy is 
      triggered by an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-dependent mechanism; its prevalence varies 
      according to the age and region, and in Europe has been estimated to be lower 
      than 1%. Many studies investigated the potential role of several external factors 
      that can influence the risk to developing wheat allergy, but results are still 
      inconclusive. It can be responsible for several clinical manifestations depending 
      on the route of allergen exposure: food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis 
      (FDEIA), occupational rhinitis or asthma (also known as baker's asthma), and 
      contact urticaria. The prognosis of IgE-mediated wheat allergy in children is 
      generally favorable, with the majority of children becoming tolerant by school 
      age. Patients who experienced an anaphylactic reaction prior to 3 years of age 
      and patients with higher level of wheat- or omega-5 gliadin-specific IgE antibodies 
      seem to be at higher risk of persistent wheat allergy. The current management of 
      patients is dietary avoidance. Nowadays, oral immunotherapy has been proposed for 
      wheat allergy with promising results, even if further studies are necessary to 
      establish the best protocol in order to promote tolerance in wheat-allergic 
      children.
FAU - Ricci, Giampaolo
AU  - Ricci G
AD  - Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of 
      Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy. giampaolo.ricci@unibo.it.
FAU - Andreozzi, Laura
AU  - Andreozzi L
AD  - Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of 
      Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy.
FAU - Cipriani, Francesca
AU  - Cipriani F
AD  - Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of 
      Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy.
FAU - Giannetti, Arianna
AU  - Giannetti A
AD  - Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of 
      Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy.
FAU - Gallucci, Marcella
AU  - Gallucci M
AD  - Pediatric Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of 
      Bologna, 40139 Bologna, Italy.
FAU - Caffarelli, Carlo
AU  - Caffarelli C
AD  - Clinica Pediatrica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 
      43126 Parma, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20190723
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Medicina (Kaunas)
JT  - Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
JID - 9425208
RN  - 37341-29-0 (Immunoglobulin E)
SB  - IM
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Europe/epidemiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoglobulin E/adverse effects/analysis
MH  - Immunotherapy/methods/trends
MH  - Male
MH  - Triticum/adverse effects/immunology
MH  - Wheat Hypersensitivity/epidemiology/*physiopathology
PMC - PMC6681225
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Triticum aestivum
OT  - anaphylaxis
OT  - asthma
OT  - food allergy
OT  - recombinant allergen
OT  - wheat
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2019/07/26 06:00
MHDA- 2020/01/30 06:00
PMCR- 2019/07/23
CRDT- 2019/07/26 06:00
PHST- 2019/06/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/07/14 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/07/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/07/26 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/07/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/01/30 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/07/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - medicina55070400 [pii]
AID - medicina-55-00400 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/medicina55070400 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Medicina (Kaunas). 2019 Jul 23;55(7):400. doi: 10.3390/medicina55070400.