PMID- 31351353
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191119
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1879-2448 (Electronic)
IS  - 0043-1354 (Linking)
VI  - 163
DP  - 2019 Oct 15
TI  - Chemical and physical changes of microplastics during sterilization by 
      chlorination.
PG  - 114871
LID - S0043-1354(19)30637-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114871 [doi]
AB  - Wastewater treatment plants are known to release microplastics that have been 
      detected in aquatic and terrestrial organisms constituting part of the human 
      diet. Chlorination of wastewater-borne microplastics was hypothesized to induce 
      chemical and physical changes detectable by Raman spectroscopy and differential 
      scanning calorimetry (DSC). In the laboratory, virgin plastics ( approximately 0.05 x 2 x 2 mm) 
      were exposed to differing sterilization conditions representative of dosages used 
      in the disinfection of drinking water, wastewater, and heavily contaminated 
      surfaces. Polypropylene (PP) was most resistant to chlorination, followed by high 
      density polyethylene (HDPE) and polystyrene (PS). Polystyrene showed degradation, 
      indicated by changes in Raman peak widths, at concentration-time regimes (CT 
      values) as low as 75 mg min/L, whereas HDPE and PP remained unaltered even at 
      chlorine doses characteristic of wastewater disinfection (150 mg min/L). However, 
      HDPE and PS were not completely resistant to oxidative attack by chlorination. 
      Under extremely harsh conditions, shifts in Raman peaks and the formation of new 
      bonds were observed. These results show that plastics commonly used in consumer 
      products can be chemically altered, some even under conditions prevailing during 
      wastewater treatment. Changes in polymer properties, observed for HDPE and PP 
      under extreme exposure conditions only, are predicted to alter the risk 
      microplastics pose to aquatic and terrestrial biota, since an increase in 
      carbon-chlorine (C-Cl) bonds is known to increase toxicity, rendering the 
      polymers more hydrophobic and thus more prone to adsorb, accumulate, and 
      transport harmful persistent pollutants to biota in both aquatic and terrestrial 
      environments.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Kelkar, Varun P
AU  - Kelkar VP
AD  - Center for Environmental Health Engineering, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona 
      State University, 1001 S. McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ, 85287-8101, USA.
FAU - Rolsky, Charles B
AU  - Rolsky CB
AD  - Center for Environmental Health Engineering, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona 
      State University, 1001 S. McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ, 85287-8101, USA.
FAU - Pant, Anupum
AU  - Pant A
AD  - Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport 
      and Energy, Arizona State University, 551 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85287-6106, 
      USA.
FAU - Green, Matthew D
AU  - Green MD
AD  - Chemical Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, 
      Arizona State University, 551 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85287-6106, USA.
FAU - Tongay, Sefaattin
AU  - Tongay S
AD  - Materials Science and Engineering, School for Engineering of Matter, Transport 
      and Energy, Arizona State University, 551 E. Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ, 85287-6106, 
      USA.
FAU - Halden, Rolf U
AU  - Halden RU
AD  - Center for Environmental Health Engineering, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona 
      State University, 1001 S. McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ, 85287-8101, USA. 
      Electronic address: rolf.halden@asu.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190715
PL  - England
TA  - Water Res
JT  - Water research
JID - 0105072
RN  - 0 (Plastics)
RN  - 0 (Waste Water)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 4R7X1O2820 (Chlorine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Chlorine
MH  - Halogenation
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Plastics
MH  - Wastewater
MH  - *Water Pollutants, Chemical
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Chlorination
OT  - Degradation
OT  - Microplastics
OT  - Raman spectroscopy
OT  - Wastewater treatment plants
EDAT- 2019/07/28 06:00
MHDA- 2019/11/20 06:00
CRDT- 2019/07/28 06:00
PHST- 2019/02/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/07/09 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/07/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/07/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/11/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/07/28 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0043-1354(19)30637-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114871 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Water Res. 2019 Oct 15;163:114871. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114871. Epub 2019 
      Jul 15.