PMID- 31353839 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20201013 LR - 20231113 IS - 1864-0648 (Electronic) IS - 1864-063X (Print) IS - 1864-063X (Linking) VI - 12 IP - 11 DP - 2019 Nov TI - Enhanced contrast acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy using double-stage delay-multiply-and-sum beamformer for vasculature imaging. PG - e201900133 LID - 10.1002/jbio.201900133 [doi] LID - e201900133 AB - In acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (AR-PAM) systems, the lateral resolution in the focal zone of the ultrasound (US) transducer is determined by the numerical aperture (NA) of the transducer. To have a high lateral resolution, a large NA is used. However, the larger the NA, the smaller the depth of focus [DOF]. As a result, the lateral resolution is deteriorated at depths out of the focal region. The synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) along with a beamformer can be used to improve the resolution outside the focal region. In this work, for image formation in AR-PAM, we propose the double-stage delay-multiply-and-sum (DS_DMAS) algorithm to be combined with SAFT. The proposed method is evaluated experimentally using hair targets and in vivo vasculature imaging. It is shown that DS_DMAS provides a higher resolution and contrast compared to other methods. For the B-mode images obtained using the hair phantom, the proposed method reduces the average noise level for all the depths by about 134%, 57% and 23%, compared to the original low- resolution, SAFT+DAS and SAFT+DMAS methods, respectively. All the results indicate that the proposed method can be an appropriate algorithm for image formation in AR-PAM systems. CI - (c) 2019 The Authors. Journal of Biophotonics published by WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. FAU - Mozaffarzadeh, Moein AU - Mozaffarzadeh M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0374-9351 AD - Department of Imaging Physics, Laboratory of Acoustical Wavefield Imaging, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands. FAU - Varnosfaderani, Mehdi H H AU - Varnosfaderani MHH AD - Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran. FAU - Sharma, Arunima AU - Sharma A AD - School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. FAU - Pramanik, Manojit AU - Pramanik M AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2865-5714 AD - School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore. FAU - de Jong, Nico AU - de Jong N AD - Department of Imaging Physics, Laboratory of Acoustical Wavefield Imaging, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands. AD - Department Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. FAU - Verweij, Martin D AU - Verweij MD AD - Department of Imaging Physics, Laboratory of Acoustical Wavefield Imaging, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands. AD - Department Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20190807 PL - Germany TA - J Biophotonics JT - Journal of biophotonics JID - 101318567 SB - IM MH - *Acoustics MH - Animals MH - Female MH - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted MH - Microscopy/*methods MH - *Neovascularization, Physiologic MH - Photoacoustic Techniques/*methods MH - Rats, Sprague-Dawley MH - *Signal-To-Noise Ratio PMC - PMC7065614 OTO - NOTNLM OT - acoustic-resolution photoacoustic microscopy OT - contrast enhancement OT - synthetic aperture focusing technique OT - vasculature imaging OT - virtual source COIS- The authors declare no potential conflict of interests. EDAT- 2019/07/30 06:00 MHDA- 2020/10/21 06:00 PMCR- 2020/03/11 CRDT- 2019/07/30 06:00 PHST- 2019/04/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/06/14 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/07/17 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/07/30 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/10/21 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/07/30 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2020/03/11 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - JBIO201900133 [pii] AID - 10.1002/jbio.201900133 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Biophotonics. 2019 Nov;12(11):e201900133. doi: 10.1002/jbio.201900133. Epub 2019 Aug 7.