PMID- 31380625
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191128
LR  - 20191128
IS  - 1520-5851 (Electronic)
IS  - 0013-936X (Linking)
VI  - 53
IP  - 19
DP  - 2019 Oct 1
TI  - Benchmarking the in Vitro Toxicity and Chemical Composition of Plastic Consumer 
      Products.
PG  - 11467-11477
LID - 10.1021/acs.est.9b02293 [doi]
AB  - Plastics are known sources of chemical exposure and few, prominent 
      plastic-associated chemicals, such as bisphenol A and phthalates, have been 
      thoroughly studied. However, a comprehensive characterization of the complex 
      chemical mixtures present in plastics is missing. In this study, we benchmark 
      plastic consumer products, covering eight major polymer types, according to their 
      toxicological and chemical signatures using in vitro bioassays and nontarget 
      high-resolution mass spectrometry. Most (74%) of the 34 plastic extracts 
      contained chemicals triggering at least one end point, including baseline 
      toxicity (62%), oxidative stress (41%), cytotoxicity (32%), estrogenicity (12%), 
      and antiandrogenicity (27%). In total, we detected 1411 features, tentatively 
      identified 260, including monomers, additives, and nonintentionally added 
      substances, and prioritized 27 chemicals. Extracts of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 
      and polyurethane (PUR) induced the highest toxicity, whereas polyethylene 
      terephthalate (PET) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) caused no or low 
      toxicity. High baseline toxicity was detected in all "bioplastics" made of 
      polylactic acid (PLA). The toxicities of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), 
      polystyrene (PS), and polypropylene (PP) varied. Our study demonstrates that 
      consumer plastics contain compounds that are toxic in vitro but remain largely 
      unidentified. Since the risk of unknown compounds cannot be assessed, this poses 
      a challenge to manufacturers, public health authorities, and researchers alike. 
      However, we also demonstrate that products not inducing toxicity are already on 
      the market.
FAU - Zimmermann, Lisa
AU  - Zimmermann L
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6801-6859
AD  - Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology , Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , 
      Max-von-Laue Strasse 13 , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany.
FAU - Dierkes, Georg
AU  - Dierkes G
AD  - Federal Institute of Hydrology , Am Mainzer Tor 1 , 56068 Koblenz , Germany.
FAU - Ternes, Thomas A
AU  - Ternes TA
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2615-7925
AD  - Federal Institute of Hydrology , Am Mainzer Tor 1 , 56068 Koblenz , Germany.
FAU - Volker, Carolin
AU  - Volker C
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3009-8729
AD  - Institute for Social-Ecological Research , Hamburger Allee 45 , 60486 Frankfurt 
      am Main , Germany.
FAU - Wagner, Martin
AU  - Wagner M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4402-3234
AD  - Department of Aquatic Ecotoxicology , Goethe University Frankfurt am Main , 
      Max-von-Laue Strasse 13 , 60438 Frankfurt am Main , Germany.
AD  - Department of Biology , Norwegian University of Science and Technology , 5 
      Hogskoleringen , 7491 Trondheim , Norway.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190916
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Sci Technol
JT  - Environmental science & technology
JID - 0213155
RN  - 0 (Plastics)
RN  - 0 (Polymers)
RN  - 0 (Polypropylenes)
RN  - 0 (Polystyrenes)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Benchmarking
MH  - *Plastics
MH  - Polymers
MH  - Polypropylenes
MH  - Polystyrenes
EDAT- 2019/08/06 06:00
MHDA- 2019/11/30 06:00
CRDT- 2019/08/06 06:00
PHST- 2019/08/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/11/30 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/08/06 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1021/acs.est.9b02293 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Technol. 2019 Oct 1;53(19):11467-11477. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.9b02293. 
      Epub 2019 Sep 16.