PMID- 31387080 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200303 LR - 20200303 IS - 1873-6750 (Electronic) IS - 0160-4120 (Linking) VI - 131 DP - 2019 Oct TI - Determinants of persistent organic pollutant (POP) concentrations in human breast milk of a cross-sectional sample of primiparous mothers in Belgium. PG - 104979 LID - S0160-4120(19)30908-0 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104979 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Bio-accumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment and in the food chain can lead to high pollutant concentrations in human fat-containing tissues and breast milk. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to identify the maternal characteristics that determined POP concentrations in breast milk of primiparous mothers in Belgium. METHODS: Breast milk samples were obtained from a cross-sectional sample of 206 primiparous mothers in 2014. POP concentrations in breast milk samples were determined by GC-ECNI-MS and GC-EI-MS/MS depending on the analytes' sensitivity. Associations between POP concentrations in breast milk and potential determinants were investigated using two-way contingency tables and multivariable generalized linear models. RESULTS: Fifteen of the 23 screened POPs were detected in the breast milk samples. Four organochlorine compounds (p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, HCB and beta-HCH) and two brominated flame retardant congeners (BDE-47, BDE-153) were detected at concentrations above the limit of quantification in >50% of the breast milk samples. Maternal age and BMI were usually associated with higher POP concentrations. Rural residency and consumption of home-produced eggs, fatty fish and fish oil supplements were associated with higher concentrations of DDT and DDE. Consumption of fatty fish and being breastfed during childhood were associated with higher concentrations of HCB and beta-HCH. Fish oil supplements and home-produced eggs were associated with higher concentrations of BDEs, but for BDE congeners exposure routes other than diet require further investigation. CONCLUSIONS: Dietary and non-dietary determinants predict individual POP concentrations in breast milk. CI - Copyright (c) 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. FAU - Aerts, Raf AU - Aerts R AD - Sciensano (Belgian Institute of Health), Department of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Julliette Wytsmanstraat 14, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium; University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Celestijnenlaan 200E-2411, BE-3001 Leuven, Belgium. Electronic address: raf.aerts@sciensano.be. FAU - Van Overmeire, Ilse AU - Van Overmeire I AD - Sciensano (Belgian Institute of Health), Department of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Julliette Wytsmanstraat 14, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: ilse.vanovermeire@sciensano.be. FAU - Colles, Ann AU - Colles A AD - VITO-HEALTH, Boeretang 200, BE-2400 Mol, Belgium. Electronic address: ann.colles@vito.be. FAU - Andjelkovic, Mirjana AU - Andjelkovic M AD - Sciensano (Belgian Institute of Health), Department of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Julliette Wytsmanstraat 14, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: mirjana.andjelkovic@sciensano.be. FAU - Malarvannan, Govindan AU - Malarvannan G AD - University of Antwerp, Toxicological Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium. Electronic address: malarvannan.govindan@uantwerpen.be. FAU - Poma, Giulia AU - Poma G AD - University of Antwerp, Toxicological Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium. Electronic address: giulia.poma@uantwerpen.be. FAU - Den Hond, Elly AU - Den Hond E AD - Provincial Institute for Hygiene, Kronenburgstraat 45, BE-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. Electronic address: elly.denhond@provincieantwerpen.be. FAU - Van de Mieroop, Els AU - Van de Mieroop E AD - Provincial Institute for Hygiene, Kronenburgstraat 45, BE-2000 Antwerp, Belgium. FAU - Dewolf, Marie-Christine AU - Dewolf MC AD - Hainaut Vigilance Sanitaire, Boulevard Sainctelette 55, BE-7000 Mons, Belgium. Electronic address: marie_christine.dewolf@hainaut.be. FAU - Charlet, Francois AU - Charlet F AD - Hainaut Vigilance Sanitaire, Boulevard Sainctelette 55, BE-7000 Mons, Belgium. Electronic address: francois.charlet@hainaut.be. FAU - Van Nieuwenhuyse, An AU - Van Nieuwenhuyse A AD - Sciensano (Belgian Institute of Health), Department of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Julliette Wytsmanstraat 14, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: an.vannieuwenhuyse@lns.etat.lu. FAU - Van Loco, Joris AU - Van Loco J AD - Sciensano (Belgian Institute of Health), Department of Chemical and Physical Health Risks, Julliette Wytsmanstraat 14, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address: joris.vanloco@sciensano.be. FAU - Covaci, Adrian AU - Covaci A AD - University of Antwerp, Toxicological Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium. Electronic address: adrian.covaci@uantwerpen.be. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Multicenter Study PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20190803 PL - Netherlands TA - Environ Int JT - Environment international JID - 7807270 RN - 0 (Environmental Pollutants) RN - 0 (Flame Retardants) RN - 0 (Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers) RN - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated) RN - 0 (Polybrominated Biphenyls) RN - 0 (hexabrominated diphenyl ether 153) RN - 0N97R5X10X (2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether) RN - 59NEE7PCAB (Hexachlorocyclohexane) RN - YM80ODM9PD (beta-hexachlorocyclohexane) SB - IM MH - Adult MH - Belgium MH - Child MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - Diet MH - Environmental Pollutants/*analysis MH - Female MH - Flame Retardants/analysis MH - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry MH - Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers/analysis MH - Hexachlorocyclohexane/analysis MH - Humans MH - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis MH - Milk, Human/*chemistry MH - Mothers MH - Parity MH - Polybrominated Biphenyls/analysis MH - Pregnancy MH - Rural Population MH - Tandem Mass Spectrometry OTO - NOTNLM OT - Brominated flame retardants OT - Human biomonitoring OT - Human breast milk OT - Organochlorine pesticides OT - Persistent organic pollutants OT - Primipara mothers EDAT- 2019/08/07 06:00 MHDA- 2020/03/04 06:00 CRDT- 2019/08/07 06:00 PHST- 2019/03/19 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/05/20 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/06/28 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/08/07 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/03/04 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/08/07 06:00 [entrez] AID - S0160-4120(19)30908-0 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104979 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Environ Int. 2019 Oct;131:104979. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104979. Epub 2019 Aug 3.