PMID- 31392878
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190815
LR  - 20190815
IS  - 0393-974X (Print)
IS  - 0393-974X (Linking)
VI  - 33
IP  - 4
DP  - 2019 Jul-Aug
TI  - Microglia M1/M2 polarization contributes to electromagnetic pulse-induced brain 
      injury.
PG  - 1051-1062
AB  - The development of electronic technology has attracted attention on the 
      biological effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and electromagnetic pulse 
      (EMP). It remains controversial whether EMP irradiation is neurotoxic or 
      beneficial for recovery from injuryies such as cerebral ischemia. Microglia is 
      innate immune cells in the brain, exhibiting either neurotoxicity or 
      neuroprotection effect during various central nervous system diseases, depending 
      on their activation into a classical (M1) or alternative (M2) phenotype, 
      respectively. The Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 
      (MyD88) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) pathway is important for microglia 
      activation. In this study, we investigated the effect of EMP on neuronal 
      apoptosis and microglia polarization in vivo and in vitro, using an EMP of 400 
      kV/m and 1 hertz for 200 pulses. Short EMP irradiation (</=24 h) resulted in 
      microglial conversion from the resting to the M1-type state, activation of the 
      TLR4/MyD88/NFkappaB pathway, higher levels of inflammatory cytokines including 
      interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as well as neuronal 
      apoptosis induction. In contrast, long EMP irradiation (3 days) resulted in 
      microglial activation into the M2-type, decreased apoptosis and inflammatory 
      mediator production, and increased levels of the neuroprotective effectors IL-10, 
      transforming growth factor beta, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. EMP 
      induces both neuronal damage and neuronal recovery by influencing the switch of 
      M1/M2 polarization and the TLR4/MyD88/NFkappaB pathway.
CI  - Copyright 2019 Biolife Sas. www.biolifesas.org.
FAU - Zhang, X J
AU  - Zhang XJ
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical 
      University, Xi'an, China.
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Affiliated Guangren Hospital, 
      Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
FAU - Lv, M M
AU  - Lv MM
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology, the 323 Hospital of the PLA, Xi'an, China.
FAU - Zhu, X Q
AU  - Zhu XQ
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department 
      of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
FAU - Tian, L Y
AU  - Tian LY
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical 
      University, Xi'an, China.
FAU - Li, J J
AU  - Li JJ
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical 
      University, Xi'an, China.
FAU - Shao, Y P
AU  - Shao YP
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an No. 4 Hospital, Affiliated Guangren Hospital, 
      Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
FAU - Gao, C J
AU  - Gao CJ
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical 
      University, Xi'an, China.
FAU - Sun, X D
AU  - Sun XD
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical 
      University, Xi'an, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - Italy
TA  - J Biol Regul Homeost Agents
JT  - Journal of biological regulators and homeostatic agents
JID - 8809253
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (MYD88 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88)
RN  - 0 (NF-kappa B)
RN  - 0 (TLR4 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Toll-Like Receptor 4)
SB  - IM
MH  - Brain Injuries/*pathology
MH  - *Cell Polarity
MH  - Cytokines/metabolism
MH  - Electromagnetic Fields/*adverse effects
MH  - Humans
MH  - Microglia/*cytology
MH  - Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/metabolism
MH  - NF-kappa B/metabolism
MH  - Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - TLR4/MyD88/NFkappaB pathway
OT  - apoptosis
OT  - electromagnetic pulse
OT  - microglia
EDAT- 2019/08/09 06:00
MHDA- 2019/08/16 06:00
CRDT- 2019/08/09 06:00
PHST- 2019/08/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/08/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/08/16 06:00 [medline]
AID - 46 [pii]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Biol Regul Homeost Agents. 2019 Jul-Aug;33(4):1051-1062.