PMID- 31408724
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200504
LR  - 20211204
IS  - 1096-3650 (Electronic)
IS  - 1044-579X (Linking)
VI  - 59
DP  - 2019 Dec
TI  - mTOR: Role in cancer, metastasis and drug resistance.
PG  - 92-111
LID - S1044-579X(18)30135-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.003 [doi]
AB  - Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that gets 
      inputs from the amino acids, nutrients, growth factor, and environmental cues to 
      regulate varieties of fundamental cellular processes which include protein 
      synthesis, growth, metabolism, aging, regeneration, autophagy, etc. The mTOR is 
      frequently deregulated in human cancer and activating somatic mutations of mTOR 
      were recently identified in several types of human cancer and hence mTOR is 
      therapeutically targeted. mTOR inhibitors were commonly used as immunosuppressors 
      and currently, it is approved for the treatment of human malignancies. This 
      review briefly focuses on the structure and biological functions of mTOR. It 
      extensively discusses the genetic deregulation of mTOR including amplifications 
      and somatic mutations, mTOR-mediated cell growth promoting signaling, therapeutic 
      targeting of mTOR and the mechanisms of resistance, the role of mTOR in precision 
      medicine and other recent advances in further understanding the role of mTOR in 
      cancer.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Murugan, Avaniyapuram Kannan
AU  - Murugan AK
AD  - Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research 
      Centre, PO Box 3354, Research Center (MBC 03), Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia. 
      Electronic address: akmurugan@gmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20190810
PL  - England
TA  - Semin Cancer Biol
JT  - Seminars in cancer biology
JID - 9010218
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers, Tumor)
RN  - 0 (Protein Kinase Inhibitors)
RN  - EC 2.7.1.1 (MTOR protein, human)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.1 (TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biomarkers, Tumor
MH  - *Disease Susceptibility
MH  - Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
MH  - Enzyme Activation
MH  - Humans
MH  - Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1/metabolism
MH  - Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2/metabolism
MH  - Molecular Targeted Therapy
MH  - Mutation
MH  - Mutation Rate
MH  - Neoplasm Metastasis
MH  - Neoplasm Staging
MH  - Neoplasms/drug therapy/*etiology/*metabolism/pathology
MH  - Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Signal Transduction
MH  - TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cancer
OT  - Inhibitors
OT  - Metastasis
OT  - Molecular target
OT  - Mutation
OT  - Oncogene
OT  - Precision medicine
OT  - Resistance
OT  - mTOR
EDAT- 2019/08/14 06:00
MHDA- 2020/05/06 06:00
CRDT- 2019/08/14 06:00
PHST- 2019/03/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/06/14 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/07/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/08/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/05/06 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/08/14 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S1044-579X(18)30135-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Semin Cancer Biol. 2019 Dec;59:92-111. doi: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.003. Epub 
      2019 Aug 10.