PMID- 31417362 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20200930 IS - 1662-5102 (Print) IS - 1662-5102 (Electronic) IS - 1662-5102 (Linking) VI - 13 DP - 2019 TI - Using Genetically Encoded Voltage Indicators (GEVIs) to Study the Input-Output Transformation of the Mammalian Olfactory Bulb. PG - 342 LID - 10.3389/fncel.2019.00342 [doi] LID - 342 AB - Genetically encoded voltage indicators (GEVIs) are fluorescent protein reporters of membrane potential. These tools can, in principle, be used to monitor the neural activity of genetically distinct cell types in the brain. Although introduced in 1997, they have been a challenge to use to study intact neural circuits due to a combination of small signal-to-noise ratio, slow kinetics, and poor membrane expression. New strategies have yielded novel GEVIs such as ArcLight, which have improved properties. Here, we compare the in vivo properties of ArcLight with Genetically Encoded Calcium Indicators (GECIs) in the mouse olfactory bulb. We show how voltage imaging can be combined with organic calcium sensitive dyes to measure the input-output transformation of the olfactory bulb. Finally, we demonstrate that ArcLight can be targeted to olfactory bulb interneurons. The olfactory bulb contributes substantially to the perception of the concentration invariance of odor recognition. FAU - Storace, Douglas A AU - Storace DA AD - Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States. AD - Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States. FAU - Cohen, Lawrence B AU - Cohen LB AD - Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States. AD - Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea. FAU - Choi, Yunsook AU - Choi Y AD - Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States. AD - Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea. LA - eng GR - R01 DC005259/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States GR - F32 DC012981/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States GR - R21 DC016133/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States GR - U01 NS099691/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States GR - R56 DC005259/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article DEP - 20190731 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Cell Neurosci JT - Frontiers in cellular neuroscience JID - 101477935 PMC - PMC6684792 OTO - NOTNLM OT - ArcLight OT - GECIs OT - GEVIs OT - mouse OT - odors OT - olfactory bulb OT - perception EDAT- 2019/08/17 06:00 MHDA- 2019/08/17 06:01 PMCR- 2019/01/01 CRDT- 2019/08/17 06:00 PHST- 2019/03/26 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/07/11 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/08/17 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/08/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/08/17 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2019/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fncel.2019.00342 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Cell Neurosci. 2019 Jul 31;13:342. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00342. eCollection 2019.