PMID- 3141950
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 19881212
LR  - 20181113
IS  - 0033-3549 (Print)
IS  - 1468-2877 (Electronic)
IS  - 0033-3549 (Linking)
VI  - 103
IP  - 6
DP  - 1988 Nov-Dec
TI  - Theories and models supporting prevention approaches to alcohol problems among 
      youth.
PG  - 578-86
AB  - The Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration's Office for Substance 
      Abuse Prevention (OSAP) was established to initiate programs to provide 
      prevention and early intervention services for young people, especially high-risk 
      youth. OSAP's starting point was the theories and models that provide the 
      background body of knowledge. The models summarized here guide new prevention 
      efforts and provide a framework for analyzing diverse experiences in the field. 
      The goal has been to develop strategies based on theories and models of 
      prevention that can reverse or prevent adolescent alcohol use. Among the 
      psychosocial models, research in social learning theory is the theoretical basis 
      for prevention efforts using the team approach among individuals, small groups, 
      families, and communities. A prevention technique based on cognitive dissonance 
      theory proposes verbal inoculations to establish or strengthen beliefs and 
      attitudes, helping a young person to resist drinking, which may be in conflict 
      with another, more desirable goal. In the developmental concept adolescence is a 
      period of role confusion out of which the person's identity should emerge. 
      Prevention efforts built on this view seek to help adolescents to form positive 
      identities by achievement as students, athletes, and in community roles. 
      Behavioral intention theory provides a framework for understanding the role of 
      perceived social norms in directing behaviors. In the social development model, 
      prevention programs should create positive peer groups and ensure that the social 
      environment does not give mixed messages. Health behavior theory is the basis for 
      prevention strategies directed toward a person's entire behavior instead of one 
      aspect. The stages of the drug involvement model form the basis for prevention 
      programs providing early intervention directed at the so-called gateway 
      drugs.Among the communications models, the health promotion concept advocates a 
      comprehensive approach in developing health campaigns and attention to the five 
      major elements of the communications process. Mass media campaigns based on the 
      communication-behavior change concept address the steps required to move a target 
      population from initial awareness of interest in a problem to the adoption and 
      maintenance of advocated attitudes or behaviors.Among public policy models, 
      researchers have concluded that higher real prices on alcohol and restricted 
      availability have the effect of lowering alcoholic beverage consumption among 
      young people and the incidence of heavy and frequent drinking.Raising the minimum 
      age for purchase has been found to reduce the rate of automobile accidents 
      involving young persons. Essential components of prevention strategies and 
      approaches are presented.
FAU - Johnson, E M
AU  - Johnson EM
AD  - Office for Substance Abuse Prevention, Rockville, MD 20857.
FAU - Amatetti, S
AU  - Amatetti S
FAU - Funkhouser, J E
AU  - Funkhouser JE
FAU - Johnson, S
AU  - Johnson S
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - United States
TA  - Public Health Rep
JT  - Public health reports (Washington, D.C. : 1974)
JID - 9716844
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Alcoholism/*prevention & control
MH  - Child
MH  - Child Development
MH  - Cognitive Dissonance
MH  - Communication
MH  - Health Behavior
MH  - Health Education/*methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Models, Theoretical
MH  - Public Policy
MH  - Social Behavior
PMC - PMC1478154
EDAT- 1988/11/01 00:00
MHDA- 1988/11/01 00:01
PMCR- 1989/01/01
CRDT- 1988/11/01 00:00
PHST- 1988/11/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 1988/11/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 1988/11/01 00:00 [entrez]
PHST- 1989/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Public Health Rep. 1988 Nov-Dec;103(6):578-86.