PMID- 31428232
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200103
LR  - 20231013
IS  - 1942-0994 (Electronic)
IS  - 1942-0900 (Print)
IS  - 1942-0994 (Linking)
VI  - 2019
DP  - 2019
TI  - An Update on Novel Therapeutic Warfronts of Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in 
      Cancer Treatment: Where We Are Standing Right Now and Where to Go in the Future.
PG  - 9702562
LID - 10.1155/2019/9702562 [doi]
LID - 9702562
AB  - Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of membrane-bounded 
      vesicles that are believed to be produced and secreted by presumably all cell 
      types under physiological and pathological conditions, including tumors. EVs are 
      very important vehicles in intercellular communications for both shorter and 
      longer distances and are able to deliver a wide range of cargos including 
      proteins, lipids, and various species of nucleic acids effectively. EVs have been 
      emerging as a novel biotherapeutic platform to efficiently deliver therapeutic 
      cargos to treat a broad range of diseases including cancer. This vast potential 
      of drug delivery lies in their abilities to carry a variety of cargos and their 
      ease in crossing the biological membranes. Similarly, their presence in a variety 
      of body fluids makes them a potential biomarker for early diagnosis, 
      prognostication, and surveillance of cancer. Here, we discuss the relatively 
      least and understudied aspects of EV biology and tried to highlight the obstacles 
      and limitations in their clinical applications and also described most of the new 
      warfronts to beat cancer at multiple stages. However, much more challenges still 
      remain to evaluate EV-based therapeutics, and we are very much hopeful that the 
      current work prompts further discovery.
FAU - Khawar, Muhammad Babar
AU  - Khawar MB
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1812-0591
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, 
      Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
AD  - University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
AD  - Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, 
      Lahore, Pakistan.
FAU - Abbasi, Muddasir Hassan
AU  - Abbasi MH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7856-7013
AD  - Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, 
      Lahore, Pakistan.
AD  - Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Okara, Pakistan.
FAU - Siddique, Zerwa
AU  - Siddique Z
AD  - Centre for Applied Molecular Biology (CAMB), University of the Punjab, Lahore, 
      Pakistan.
FAU - Arif, Amin
AU  - Arif A
AD  - Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, 
      Lahore, Pakistan.
FAU - Sheikh, Nadeem
AU  - Sheikh N
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9503-9538
AD  - Cell & Molecular Biology Lab, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, 
      Lahore, Pakistan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20190725
PL  - United States
TA  - Oxid Med Cell Longev
JT  - Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity
JID - 101479826
RN  - 0 (Antineoplastic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Cancer Vaccines)
RN  - 0 (Drug Carriers)
RN  - 0 (MicroRNAs)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry/therapeutic use
MH  - Biomarkers/metabolism
MH  - Cancer Vaccines/immunology
MH  - Dendritic Cells/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Drug Carriers/chemistry
MH  - Extracellular Vesicles/chemistry/immunology/*metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - MicroRNAs/metabolism
MH  - Neoplasms/diagnosis/*drug therapy/immunology
PMC - PMC6683766
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interests.
EDAT- 2019/08/21 06:00
MHDA- 2020/01/04 06:00
PMCR- 2019/07/25
CRDT- 2019/08/21 06:00
PHST- 2019/03/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/06/03 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/07/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/08/21 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/08/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/01/04 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/07/25 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1155/2019/9702562 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019 Jul 25;2019:9702562. doi: 10.1155/2019/9702562. 
      eCollection 2019.