PMID- 31442513
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191209
LR  - 20210923
IS  - 1873-1740 (Electronic)
IS  - 0033-0620 (Linking)
VI  - 62
IP  - 4
DP  - 2019 Jul-Aug
TI  - Obesity, risk of diabetes and role of physical activity, exercise training and 
      cardiorespiratory fitness.
PG  - 327-333
LID - S0033-0620(19)30107-0 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.pcad.2019.08.004 [doi]
AB  - The epidemic of obesity contributes to the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus 
      (T2DM) in the United States and worldwide. Importantly, obesity is not only 
      preventable but can be treated, particularly with lifestyle modifications to 
      forestall T2DM in those with excess adiposity. The mechanisms linking obesity to 
      T2DM are numerous and involve adipose tissue remodeling as a result of unhealthy 
      behaviors, including unhealthy diet, reduced physical activity (PA) and exercise 
      training (ET), and increased sedentary behaviors. Taken together, these factors 
      markedly reduce cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), one of the strongest predictors 
      for cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in the general population, 
      but also in those with T2DM. In this review we describe the mechanisms leading to 
      adipose tissue remodeling resulting in obesity, as well as the mechanisms linking 
      excess adiposity to insulin resistance and, in turn, T2DM. We then present the 
      therapeutic strategies that can be implemented in obesity to prevent T2DM, with a 
      brief discussion on weight loss, and greater emphasis on PA and ET. We finally 
      present the evidence to support the beneficial effects of such strategies in 
      patients with established T2DM and discuss the importance of achieving 
      improvements in CRF in this population to potentially improve clinical outcomes.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Carbone, Salvatore
AU  - Carbone S
AD  - Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, 
      Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America; VCU 
      Pauley Heart Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, 
      Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America. 
      Electronic address: salvatore.carbone@vcuhealth.org.
FAU - Del Buono, Marco Giuseppe
AU  - Del Buono MG
AD  - Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the 
      Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.
FAU - Ozemek, Cemal
AU  - Ozemek C
AD  - Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of 
      Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
FAU - Lavie, Carl J
AU  - Lavie CJ
AD  - Department of Cardiovascular Disease, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, 
      Ochsner Clinical School, the University of Queensland School of Medicine, New 
      Orleans, LA, United States of America.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20190820
PL  - United States
TA  - Prog Cardiovasc Dis
JT  - Progress in cardiovascular diseases
JID - 0376442
SB  - IM
CIN - Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2021 Jul-Aug;67:114-115. PMID: 34412825
MH  - Aged
MH  - Body Mass Index
MH  - Cardiovascular Diseases/*prevention & control
MH  - Comorbidity
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis/*epidemiology
MH  - Exercise/*physiology
MH  - Exercise Therapy/methods
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Life Style
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Obesity/diagnosis/*epidemiology
MH  - Prognosis
MH  - Quality of Life
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Sedentary Behavior
MH  - Severity of Illness Index
MH  - Weight Loss/physiology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cardiorespiratory fitness
OT  - Diabetes
OT  - Exercise training
OT  - Obesity
OT  - Physical activity
OT  - Sedentary behaviors
EDAT- 2019/08/24 06:00
MHDA- 2019/12/18 06:00
CRDT- 2019/08/24 06:00
PHST- 2019/08/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/08/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/08/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/12/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/08/24 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0033-0620(19)30107-0 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.pcad.2019.08.004 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2019 Jul-Aug;62(4):327-333. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2019.08.004. 
      Epub 2019 Aug 20.