PMID- 31467625
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191216
LR  - 20200309
IS  - 1918-1523 (Electronic)
IS  - 1203-6765 (Print)
IS  - 1203-6765 (Linking)
VI  - 2019
DP  - 2019
TI  - Skin/Muscle Incision and Retraction Induces Evoked and Spontaneous Pain in Mice.
PG  - 6528528
LID - 10.1155/2019/6528528 [doi]
LID - 6528528
AB  - BACKGROUND: Surgery is a frequent cause of persistent pain. Unrelieved chronic 
      postsurgical pain causes unnecessary patient suffering and discomfort and usually 
      leads to psychological complications. The rat model of skin/muscle incision and 
      retraction (SMIR) with decreased paw withdrawal thresholds developed by Flatters 
      was usually used to investigate the underlying mechanism of chronic postsurgical 
      pain. OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study was to develop a new mice model of SMIR 
      for further investigation with transgenic mice and so on and to evaluate the 
      analgesic effects of clonidine and gabapentin on pain behavior with this new mice 
      model. METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice were anesthetized, and a 1.0-1.3 cm incision 
      was made in the skin of the medial thigh approximately 3 mm medial to the 
      saphenous vein to reveal the muscle of the thigh. The paw withdrawal threshold 
      (PWT) to mechanical stimuli and the paw withdrawal latency to heat stimuli were 
      measured before and after SMIR. Furthermore, the PWT to mechanical stimuli and 
      conditioned place preference (CPP) was measured before and after the systemic 
      injection of clonidine and gabapentin. RESULTS: SMIR-evoked mechanical 
      hypersensitivity in mice began on day 1 after the procedure, prominent between 
      days 1 and 10 after the procedure, persisted at least until day 14, and 
      disappeared on day 18 after the procedure. However, the mice model of SMIR did 
      not evoke significant heat hypersensitivity. Systemic injection of clonidine and 
      gabapentin raised the PWT in the SMIR mice dose-dependently. Compared with the 
      mice that underwent the sham operation, mice of SMIR spent a longer time in the 
      clonidine-paired chamber than those of NS, while the gabapentin-paired chamber 
      has no difference with that of NS in the CPP paradigm. CONCLUSION: These data 
      suggested that the mice model of SMIR demonstrated a persistent pain syndrome, 
      including evoked pain and spontaneous pain. Clonidine and gabapentin could 
      relieve mechanical hypersensitivity dose-dependently simultaneously. However, 
      clonidine but not gabapentin could alleviate the spontaneous pain of SMIR in the 
      mice model.
FAU - Yang, Juan
AU  - Yang J
AD  - Department Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, 
      Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of 
      Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China.
FAU - Yuan, Fei
AU  - Yuan F
AD  - Department Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, 
      Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Shaoxing Second Hospital, Shaoxing, 
      Zhejiang 312000, China.
FAU - Ye, Gang
AU  - Ye G
AD  - Department Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, 
      Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, Shaoxing People's Hospital, 
      Shaoxing, Zhejiang 312000, China.
FAU - Wang, Yong-Jie
AU  - Wang YJ
AD  - Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry 
      of Health of China, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 
      310058, China.
FAU - Wu, Cheng
AU  - Wu C
AD  - Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry 
      of Health of China, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 
      310058, China.
FAU - Wang, Jinghua
AU  - Wang J
AD  - Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry 
      of Health of China, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 
      310058, China.
FAU - Li, Xiang-Yao
AU  - Li XY
AD  - Institute of Neuroscience, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry 
      of Health of China, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 
      310058, China.
FAU - Feng, Zhiying
AU  - Feng Z
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0962-9449
AD  - Department Pain Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, 
      Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20190731
PL  - United States
TA  - Pain Res Manag
JT  - Pain research & management
JID - 9612504
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Chronic Pain/complications
MH  - Dermatologic Surgical Procedures/adverse effects
MH  - *Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Hyperalgesia/etiology
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Muscles/surgery
MH  - *Pain, Postoperative
MH  - Skin
PMC - PMC6701374
COIS- The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the 
      research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
EDAT- 2019/08/31 06:00
MHDA- 2019/12/18 06:00
PMCR- 2019/07/31
CRDT- 2019/08/31 06:00
PHST- 2018/11/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/07/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/08/31 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/08/31 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/12/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/07/31 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1155/2019/6528528 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Pain Res Manag. 2019 Jul 31;2019:6528528. doi: 10.1155/2019/6528528. eCollection 
      2019.