PMID- 31468033
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20210227
IS  - 2688-1020 (Electronic)
IS  - 2688-1020 (Linking)
VI  - 1
IP  - 1
DP  - 2019 Jun
TI  - Immune Control of HIV.
PG  - 4-37
AB  - The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of the immune cells expressing 
      the cluster of differentiation 4 cell surface glycoprotein (CD4(+) cells) causes 
      progressive decline of the immune system and leads to the acquired 
      immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The ongoing global HIV/AIDS pandemic has 
      already claimed over 35 million lives. Even after 37 years into the epidemic, 
      neither a cure is available for the 37 million people living with HIV (PLHIV) nor 
      is a vaccine discovered to avert the millions of new HIV infections that continue 
      to occur each year. If left untreated, HIV infection typically progresses to AIDS 
      and, ultimately, causes death in a majority of PLHIV. The recommended combination 
      antiretroviral therapy (cART) suppresses virus replication and viremia, prevents 
      or delays progression to AIDS, reduces transmission rates, and lowers 
      HIV-associated mortality and morbidity. However, because cART does not eliminate 
      HIV, and an enduring pool of infected resting memory CD4(+) T cells (latent HIV 
      reservoir) is established early on, any interruption to cART leads to a relapse 
      of viremia and disease progression. Hence, strict adherence to a life-long cART 
      regimen is mandatory for managing HIV infection in PLHIV. The HIV-1-specific 
      cytotoxic T cells expressing the CD8 glycoprotein (CD8(+) CTL) limit the virus 
      replication in vivo by recognizing the viral antigens presented by human 
      leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules on the infected cell surface and 
      killing those cells. Nevertheless, CTLs fail to durably control HIV-1 replication 
      and disease progression in the absence of cART. Intriguingly, <1% of cART-naive 
      HIV-infected individuals called elite controllers/HIV controllers (HCs) exhibit 
      the core features that define a HIV-1 "functional cure" outcome in the absence of 
      cART: durable viral suppression to below the limit of detection, long-term 
      non-progression to AIDS, and absence of viral transmission. Robust HIV-1-specific 
      CTL responses and prevalence of protective HLA alleles associated with enduring 
      HIV-1 control have been linked to the HC phenotype. An understanding of the 
      molecular mechanisms underlying the CTL-mediated suppression of HIV-1 replication 
      and disease progression in HCs carrying specific protective HLA alleles may yield 
      promising insights towards advancing the research on HIV cure and prophylactic 
      HIV vaccine.
FAU - Balasubramaniam, Muthukumar
AU  - Balasubramaniam M
AD  - Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, 
      TN - 37208. USA.
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, 
      Nashville, TN - 37208. USA.
FAU - Pandhare, Jui
AU  - Pandhare J
AD  - Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, 
      TN - 37208. USA.
AD  - School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN - 
      37208. USA.
FAU - Dash, Chandravanu
AU  - Dash C
AD  - Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, 
      TN - 37208. USA.
AD  - Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, 
      Nashville, TN - 37208. USA.
AD  - School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN - 
      37208. USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 AI136740/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R24 DA021471/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R56 AI122960/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R03 DA037779/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P30 AI110527/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/United States
GR  - U54 MD007593/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Life Sci (Westlake Village)
JT  - Journal of life sciences (Westlake Village, Calif.)
JID - 101752268
PMC - PMC6714987
MID - NIHMS1044795
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - AIDS
OT  - CD4+ T cells
OT  - CD8+ T cells
OT  - CTL
OT  - Elite Controllers
OT  - Functional cure
OT  - HIV
OT  - HIV controllers
OT  - HLA
OT  - Latency
OT  - PLHIV
OT  - cART
COIS- The authors declare no competing financial and nonfinancial interests.
EDAT- 2019/08/31 06:00
MHDA- 2019/08/31 06:01
PMCR- 2019/08/29
CRDT- 2019/08/31 06:00
PHST- 2019/08/31 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/08/31 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/08/31 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/08/29 00:00 [pmc-release]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Life Sci (Westlake Village). 2019 Jun;1(1):4-37.