PMID- 31472439
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190917
LR  - 20190917
IS  - 1879-2456 (Electronic)
IS  - 0956-053X (Linking)
VI  - 99
DP  - 2019 Nov
TI  - A circular economy use of recovered sludge cellulose in wood plastic composite 
      production: Recycling and eco-efficiency assessment.
PG  - 42-48
LID - S0956-053X(19)30556-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.08.037 [doi]
AB  - This paper presents a novel development of sludge cellulose plastic composite 
      (SPC) in line with the circular economy concept by using recovered sludge 
      cellulose from wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Bearing the aim of replacing 
      the wood in wood plastic composite (WPC) with sludge cellulose, WPC was developed 
      in parallel for determining the substitution potentials. In order to maximise the 
      integration of properties, maleic anhydride (MA) and vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) 
      coupling agents were employed to refine the interfacial bonding of both SPC and 
      WPC. In line with the main aim of circular economy - to decouple the economic 
      value from the environmental impact, eco-efficiency analysis was performed for 
      the developed process. The results showed that the tensile and flexural strength 
      of the composites were substantially enhanced after both treatments, while MA 
      appeared to be more efficient than VTMS in the refinery of interfacial bonding. 
      Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis confirmed the improvement of 
      interface by identifying well embedded and firmly bonded wood flour or sludge 
      cellulose in the matrix. WPC was marginally more thermally stable than SPC, while 
      SPC suggested comparable flexural properties. Eco-efficiency assessment results 
      showed that the SPC had better environmental and economic performance than the 
      WPC. The latter turns sludge cellulose as a promising sustainable alternative to 
      wood or natural fibres in the production of WPC.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Zhou, Yonghui
AU  - Zhou Y
AD  - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Design 
      and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom. 
      Electronic address: yonghui.zhou@brunel.ac.uk.
FAU - Stanchev, Peyo
AU  - Stanchev P
AD  - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Design 
      and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom. 
      Electronic address: peyo.stanchev@brunel.ac.uk.
FAU - Katsou, Evina
AU  - Katsou E
AD  - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Design 
      and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom. 
      Electronic address: evina.katsou@brunel.ac.uk.
FAU - Awad, Said
AU  - Awad S
AD  - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Design 
      and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom. 
      Electronic address: said.awad@brunel.ac.uk.
FAU - Fan, Mizi
AU  - Fan M
AD  - Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Design 
      and Physical Sciences, Brunel University London, UB8 3PH, United Kingdom. 
      Electronic address: mizi.fan@brunel.ac.uk.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190828
PL  - United States
TA  - Waste Manag
JT  - Waste management (New York, N.Y.)
JID - 9884362
RN  - 0 (Plastics)
RN  - 0 (Sewage)
RN  - 9004-34-6 (Cellulose)
SB  - IM
MH  - Cellulose
MH  - *Plastics
MH  - Recycling
MH  - Sewage
MH  - *Wood
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Circular economy
OT  - Eco-efficiency
OT  - Environmental impact
OT  - Properties
OT  - Sludge cellulose
OT  - Wood plastic composite
EDAT- 2019/09/01 06:00
MHDA- 2019/09/19 06:00
CRDT- 2019/09/01 06:00
PHST- 2019/03/27 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/07/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/08/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/09/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/09/19 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/09/01 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0956-053X(19)30556-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.08.037 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Waste Manag. 2019 Nov;99:42-48. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.08.037. Epub 2019 Aug 
      28.