PMID- 31473017
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210308
LR  - 20210308
IS  - 1532-3374 (Electronic)
IS  - 0959-289X (Linking)
VI  - 41
DP  - 2020 Feb
TI  - Gastric emptying of carbohydrate drinks in term parturients before elective 
      caesarean delivery: an observational study.
PG  - 29-34
LID - S0959-289X(19)30296-1 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.ijoa.2019.07.010 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Pre-operative carbohydrate (CHO) drinks have shown some benefits 
      peri-operatively and have been incorporated into many Enhanced Recovery after 
      Surgery (ERAS) programmes. We assessed the gastric emptying of pre-operative CHO 
      drinks prior to elective caesarean delivery using ultrasonography. METHODS: After 
      a standard overnight fast, non-labouring pregnant women awaiting elective 
      caesarean delivery underwent a standardised gastric ultrasound assessment at 
      baseline and then every 20 min for 2 h after consuming 400 mL of a CHO drink. The 
      gastric emptying was determined at each time-point both qualitatively and 
      quantitatively. The primary outcome was the time taken for participants to return 
      to a qualitative fasted Perlas grade of 0 or 1. RESULTS: The gastric emptying of 
      40 participants was analysed. At baseline, all patients had a qualitative grade 
      of either 0 or 1. All patients had returned to either grade 0 or 1 by 100 min. At 
      120 min the antral right lateral decubitus (RLD) cross-sectional area (CSA) was 
      8.03 cm(2) (95th percentile; 95% CI 7.4 to 8.3 cm(2)) and gastric volume per kg 
      was 1.57 mL/kg (95th percentile; 95% CI 1.4 to 2.2). At 120 min there was no 
      statistically significant difference from baseline for the RLD CSA (P=0.38) or 
      gastric volume per kg (P=0.27). CONCLUSIONS: The gastric emptying of this cohort 
      of pregnant women suggests that 400 mL of a CHO drink can be safely consumed up 
      to two hours before elective surgery. This study can help inform future 
      peri-operative fasting guidelines for pregnant patients.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Popivanov, P
AU  - Popivanov P
AD  - Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Coombe Women and Infants 
      University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address: pepo76@gmail.com.
FAU - Irwin, R
AU  - Irwin R
AD  - Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Coombe Women and Infants 
      University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
FAU - Walsh, M
AU  - Walsh M
AD  - Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Coombe Women and Infants 
      University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
FAU - Leonard, M
AU  - Leonard M
AD  - Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Coombe Women and Infants 
      University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
FAU - Tan, T
AU  - Tan T
AD  - Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Coombe Women and Infants 
      University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Observational Study
DEP - 20190806
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Int J Obstet Anesth
JT  - International journal of obstetric anesthesia
JID - 9200430
RN  - 0 (Dietary Carbohydrates)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Beverages
MH  - *Cesarean Section
MH  - Dietary Carbohydrates/*administration & dosage
MH  - Elective Surgical Procedures
MH  - Female
MH  - Gastric Emptying/*physiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - Preoperative Period
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Caesarean delivery
OT  - Carbohydrate drink
OT  - Gastric emptying
OT  - Gastric ultrasound
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest No external funding and no competing interests 
      declared.
EDAT- 2019/09/02 06:00
MHDA- 2021/03/09 06:00
CRDT- 2019/09/02 06:00
PHST- 2019/04/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/06/26 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/07/31 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/09/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/03/09 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/09/02 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0959-289X(19)30296-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ijoa.2019.07.010 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Obstet Anesth. 2020 Feb;41:29-34. doi: 10.1016/j.ijoa.2019.07.010. Epub 
      2019 Aug 6.