PMID- 31473289
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210423
LR  - 20210423
IS  - 1872-7549 (Electronic)
IS  - 0166-4328 (Linking)
VI  - 377
DP  - 2020 Jan 13
TI  - Analysis of the molecular and behavioral effects of acute social isolation on 
      rats.
PG  - 112191
LID - S0166-4328(19)30797-1 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112191 [doi]
AB  - The mechanism underlying depression, anxiety, and stress-related psychiatric 
      disorders is far from understood. The utilization of animal models of anxiety and 
      stress can improve our knowledge of the pathology of these disorders as well as 
      aiding in the identification of pharmacological therapeutic targets. The 
      involvement of inflammation in the pathology of stress-related disorders is 
      widely acknowledged. This study was therefore undertaken to assess depressive and 
      anxiety-like behavior as well as neuroinflammation in acute-isolated rats. The 
      study design comprised two main groups:1) rats in acute isolation (one rat per 
      cage) and 2) standard housing (two rats per cage). Within ten days of acute 
      isolation, we carried behavioral tests including Sucrose Neophobia (SNP), Sucrose 
      Preference Test (SPT), Open field (OPF), and a Forced swim test (FST). In a 
      separate set of experiments, we examined the molecular changes after five days of 
      isolations, we examined the mRNA expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and 
      inflammatory markers in the hippocampal brain region. We found that acute social 
      isolation did not have profound functional effects and the behavioral analysis 
      revealed similarities between the isolated and standard housed rats. However, the 
      molecular studies showed a significant increase in TLRs. An increase in 
      Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was observed in 
      the hippocampus of isolated rats but not the control rats. The results suggest 
      that acute environmental isolation does not significantly affect depressive and 
      anxiety-like behavior but does contribute to upregulations in neuroinflammatory 
      responses. This indicates the initiation of neuronal insults following exposure 
      to short-term isolation.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Alshammari, Tahani K
AU  - Alshammari TK
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmacy College, King Saud 
      University, Saudi Arabia. Electronic address: talshammary@ksu.edu.sa.
FAU - Alghamdi, Hajar
AU  - Alghamdi H
AD  - Pharmacology & Toxicology Graduate Program, Pharmacy College, King Saud 
      University, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alkhader, Lama F
AU  - Alkhader LF
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmacy College, King Saud 
      University, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alqahtani, Qamra
AU  - Alqahtani Q
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmacy College, King Saud 
      University, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alrasheed, Nouf M
AU  - Alrasheed NM
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmacy College, King Saud 
      University, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Yacoub, Hazar
AU  - Yacoub H
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmacy College, King Saud 
      University, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alnaem, Nora
AU  - Alnaem N
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmacy College, King Saud 
      University, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - AlNakiyah, Maha
AU  - AlNakiyah M
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmacy College, King Saud 
      University, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Alshammari, Musaad A
AU  - Alshammari MA
AD  - Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmacy College, King Saud 
      University, Saudi Arabia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20190829
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Behav Brain Res
JT  - Behavioural brain research
JID - 8004872
RN  - 0 (Il6 protein, rat)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-6)
RN  - 0 (Toll-Like Receptors)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Anxiety/etiology/metabolism/physiopathology
MH  - Behavior, Animal/*physiology
MH  - *Depression/etiology/metabolism/physiopathology
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - *Hippocampus/immunology/metabolism
MH  - *Inflammation/etiology/immunology/metabolism
MH  - Interleukin-6/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - *Social Isolation
MH  - Toll-Like Receptors/metabolism
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
MH  - Up-Regulation
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Anxiety-like behavior
OT  - Depression
OT  - Neuroinflammation
OT  - Social isolation
OT  - Toll-like receptors
EDAT- 2019/09/02 06:00
MHDA- 2021/04/24 06:00
CRDT- 2019/09/02 06:00
PHST- 2019/05/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/08/23 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/08/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/09/02 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/04/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/09/02 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0166-4328(19)30797-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112191 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Behav Brain Res. 2020 Jan 13;377:112191. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112191. Epub 
      2019 Aug 29.