PMID- 31480166
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200928
IS  - 1011-2367 (Print)
IS  - 1976-5517 (Electronic)
IS  - 1011-2367 (Linking)
VI  - 33
IP  - 4
DP  - 2020 Apr
TI  - Chromium acetate stimulates adipogenesis through regulation of gene expression 
      and phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase in bovine 
      intramuscular or subcutaneous adipocytes.
PG  - 651-661
LID - 10.5713/ajas.19.0089 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that Cr source can alter adipogenic-related 
      transcriptional regulations and cell signaling. Therefore, the objective of the 
      study was to evaluate the biological effects of chromium acetate (CrAc) on bovine 
      intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) adipose cells. METHODS: Bovine 
      preadipocytes isolated from two different adipose tissue depots; IM and SC were 
      used to evaluate the effect of CrAc treatment during differentiation on 
      adipogenic gene expression. Adipocytes were incubated with various doses of CrAc: 
      0 (differentiation media only, control), 0.1, 1, and 10 muM. Cells were harvested 
      and then analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in order to 
      measure the quantity of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase-alpha 
      (AMPK-alpha), CCAAT enhancer binding protein-beta (C/EBPbeta), G protein-coupled receptor 
      41 (GPR41), GPR43, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma), and 
      stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD) mRNA relative to ribosomal protein subunit 9 
      (RPS9). The ratio of phosphorylated-AMPK (pAMPK) to AMPK was determined using a 
      western blot technique in order to determine changing concentration. RESULTS: The 
      high dose (10 muM) of CrAc increased C/EBPbeta, in both IM (p = 0.02) and SC (p = 
      0.02). Expression of PPARgamma was upregulated by 10 muM of CrAc in IM but not in SC. 
      Expression of SCD was also increased in both IM and SC with 10 muM of CrAc 
      treatment. Addition of CrAc did not alter gene expression of glucose transporter 
      4, GPR41, or GPR43 in both IM and SC adipocytes. Addition of CrAc, resulted in a 
      decreased pAMPKalpha to AMPKalpha ration (p<0.01) in IM. CONCLUSION: These data may 
      indicate that Cr source may influence lipid filling in IM adipocytes via 
      inhibitory action of AMPK phosphorylation and upregulating expression of 
      adipogenic genes.
FAU - Kim, Jongkyoo
AU  - Kim J
AD  - Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, 
      USA.
FAU - Chung, Kiyong
AU  - Chung K
AD  - National Institute of Animal Science, Hanwoo Experiment Station, Pyeongchang 
      25340, Korea.
AD  - Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea.
FAU - Johnson, Bradley J
AU  - Johnson BJ
AD  - Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409, 
      USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - Texas Tech University/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190803
PL  - Korea (South)
TA  - Asian-Australas J Anim Sci
JT  - Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences
JID - 9884245
PMC - PMC7054599
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - AMP-activated Protein Kinase
OT  - Bovine Adipocyte
OT  - Chromium Acetate
COIS- CONFLICT OF INTEREST We certify that there is no conflict of interest with any 
      financial organization regarding the material discussed in the manuscript.
EDAT- 2019/09/05 06:00
MHDA- 2019/09/05 06:01
PMCR- 2020/04/01
CRDT- 2019/09/04 06:00
PHST- 2019/02/01 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/07/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/09/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/09/05 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/09/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2020/04/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ajas.19.0089 [pii]
AID - ajas-19-0089 [pii]
AID - 10.5713/ajas.19.0089 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Asian-Australas J Anim Sci. 2020 Apr;33(4):651-661. doi: 10.5713/ajas.19.0089. 
      Epub 2019 Aug 3.