PMID- 31480286
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20201001
IS  - 2079-4991 (Print)
IS  - 2079-4991 (Electronic)
IS  - 2079-4991 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 9
DP  - 2019 Aug 30
TI  - Alkali Hydrolysis of Sulfated Cellulose Nanocrystals: Optimization of Reaction 
      Conditions and Tailored Surface Charge.
LID - 10.3390/nano9091232 [doi]
LID - 1232
AB  - Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are a biorenewable resource, which may be 
      chemically modified to impart specific properties. Modified CNCs have found use 
      in imaging applications, as rheology modifiers, polymer reinforcements, barrier 
      and/or optical films, and nanocomposites. Nanoparticle dimensions of CNCs are 
      typically 5-10 nm in width, with lengths of <100-300 nm. However, the physical 
      properties are dependent upon the number and nature of the surface charge groups 
      imparted during preparation. In the case of CNCs produced from sulfuric acid 
      hydrolysis, the sulfated surface groups may be partially removed prior to further 
      functionalization. This gives more available hydroxyls yet renders the CNCs less 
      colloidally stable. Furthermore, conditions vary significantly and there is no 
      consensus about the optimal conditions for partial removal of sulfate 
      functionality or conditions developed to give specific surface charge. In the 
      following, alkali hydrolysis of sulfate half-esters was quantified by 
      conductometric titration of the strong acid groups, and using a design of 
      experiments (DOE), optimal conditions were determined to produce CNCs with 
      tailored surface charge.
FAU - Jordan, Jacobs H
AU  - Jordan JH
AD  - The Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 1100 
      Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA.
FAU - Easson, Michael W
AU  - Easson MW
AD  - The Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 1100 
      Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA. Michael.easson@usda.gov.
FAU - Condon, Brian D
AU  - Condon BD
AD  - The Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, 1100 
      Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190830
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Nanomaterials (Basel)
JT  - Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101610216
PMC - PMC6780348
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - agroindustrial waste
OT  - bioproducts
OT  - cellulose
OT  - cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs)
OT  - cotton
OT  - design of experiments
OT  - nanocellulose
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the 
      design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in 
      the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
EDAT- 2019/09/05 06:00
MHDA- 2019/09/05 06:01
PMCR- 2019/08/30
CRDT- 2019/09/05 06:00
PHST- 2019/08/12 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/08/26 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/08/27 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/09/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/09/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/09/05 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/08/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - nano9091232 [pii]
AID - nanomaterials-09-01232 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/nano9091232 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Nanomaterials (Basel). 2019 Aug 30;9(9):1232. doi: 10.3390/nano9091232.