PMID- 31484548 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200813 LR - 20231013 IS - 2051-1426 (Electronic) IS - 2051-1426 (Linking) VI - 7 IP - 1 DP - 2019 Sep 4 TI - Biomaterial-based platforms for in situ dendritic cell programming and their use in antitumor immunotherapy. PG - 238 LID - 10.1186/s40425-019-0716-8 [doi] LID - 238 AB - Dendritic cells (DCs) are central players in the immune system, with an exquisite capacity to initiate and modulate immune responses. These functional characteristics have led to intense research on the development of DC-based immunotherapies, particularly for oncologic diseases. During recent decades, DC-based vaccines have generated very promising results in animal studies, and more than 300 clinical assays have demonstrated the safety profile of this approach. However, clinical data are inconsistent, and clear evidence of meaningful efficacy is still lacking. One of the reasons for this lack of evidence is the limited functional abilities of the used ex vivo-differentiated DCs. Therefore, alternative approaches for targeting and modulating endogenous DC subpopulations have emerged as an attractive concept. Here, we sought to revise the evolution of several strategies for the in situ mobilization and modulation of DCs. The first approaches using chemokine-secreting irradiated tumor cells are addressed, and special attention is given to the cutting-edge injectable bioengineered platforms, programmed to release chemoattractants, tumor antigens and DC maturating agents. Finally, we discuss how our increasing knowledge of DC biology, the use of neoantigens and their combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors can leverage the refinement of these polymeric vaccines to boost their antitumor efficacy. FAU - Calmeiro, Joao AU - Calmeiro J AD - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal. AD - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal. FAU - Carrascal, Mylene AU - Carrascal M AD - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal. AD - Tecnimede Group, Sintra, Portugal. FAU - Gomes, Celia AU - Gomes C AD - Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. AD - Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. FAU - Falcao, Amilcar AU - Falcao A AD - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal. AD - Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. FAU - Cruz, Maria Teresa AU - Cruz MT AD - Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal. AD - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal. FAU - Neves, Bruno Miguel AU - Neves BM AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7391-3124 AD - Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Agra do Crasto - Edificio 30, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal. bruno.neves@ua.pt. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20190904 PL - England TA - J Immunother Cancer JT - Journal for immunotherapy of cancer JID - 101620585 RN - 0 (Biocompatible Materials) RN - 0 (Cancer Vaccines) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Biocompatible Materials/administration & dosage/*chemistry MH - Cancer Vaccines/*immunology MH - *Cellular Reprogramming MH - Dendritic Cells/*immunology MH - *Drug Delivery Systems MH - Humans MH - Immunotherapy/*methods MH - Neoplasms/immunology/*therapy PMC - PMC6727507 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Antitumor immunotherapy OT - Biomaterial-based scaffolds OT - Dendritic cells OT - In situ mobilization COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests. EDAT- 2019/09/06 06:00 MHDA- 2020/08/14 06:00 PMCR- 2019/09/04 CRDT- 2019/09/06 06:00 PHST- 2018/10/24 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/08/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/09/06 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/09/06 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/08/14 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/09/04 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s40425-019-0716-8 [pii] AID - 716 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s40425-019-0716-8 [doi] PST - epublish SO - J Immunother Cancer. 2019 Sep 4;7(1):238. doi: 10.1186/s40425-019-0716-8.