PMID- 31487960
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20201001
IS  - 2076-393X (Print)
IS  - 2076-393X (Electronic)
IS  - 2076-393X (Linking)
VI  - 7
IP  - 3
DP  - 2019 Sep 4
TI  - Immunomodulatory Potential of Tinospora cordifolia and CpG ODN (TLR21 Agonist) 
      against the Very Virulent, Infectious Bursal Disease Virus in SPF Chicks.
LID - 10.3390/vaccines7030106 [doi]
LID - 106
AB  - Infectious bursal disease (IBD), caused by infectious bursal disease virus 
      (IBDV), is characterized by severe immunosuppression in young chicks of 3 to 6 
      week age group. Although vaccines are available to prevent IBD, outbreaks of 
      disease are still noticed in the field among vaccinated flocks. Further, the 
      birds surviving IBD become susceptible to secondary infections caused by various 
      viral and bacterial agents. This study assessed the immunoprophylactic potential 
      of Cytosine-guanosinedeoxynucleotide (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) and 
      Tinospora cordifolia stem aqueous extract in the specific pathogen free (SPF) 
      chicks, experimentally infected with very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV). Both of these 
      agents (CpG ODN and herbal extract) showed significant increase in the IFN-gamma, 
      IL-2, IL-4, and IL-1 levels in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (p 
      < 0.05) of chickens in the treatment groups following IBD infection.Further we 
      found significant reduction in mortality rate in vvIBDV infected chicks treated 
      with either, or in combination, compared with the birds of control group. 
      Additionally, the adjuvant or immune enhancing potential of these two 
      immunomodulatory agents with the commercially available IBDV vaccine was 
      determined in chicks. The augmentation of vaccine response in terms of an 
      enhanced antibody titer after vaccination, along with either or a combination of 
      the two agents was noticed. The findings provide a way forward to counter the 
      menace of IBDV in the poultry sector through use of these herbal or synthetic 
      immunomodulatory supplements.
FAU - Sachan, Swati
AU  - Sachan S
AD  - Immunology Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 
      Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India. swatisachan@gmail.com.
FAU - Dhama, Kuldeep
AU  - Dhama K
AD  - Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 
      Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India. kdhama@rediffmail.com.
FAU - Latheef, Shyma K
AU  - Latheef SK
AD  - Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 
      Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
FAU - Samad, Hari Abdul
AU  - Samad HA
AD  - Division of Physiology and Climatology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research 
      Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
FAU - Mariappan, Asok Kumar
AU  - Mariappan AK
AD  - Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 
      Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
FAU - Munuswamy, Palanivelu
AU  - Munuswamy P
AD  - Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 
      Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
FAU - Singh, Rajendra
AU  - Singh R
AD  - Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 
      Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
FAU - Singh, Karam Pal
AU  - Singh KP
AD  - Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 
      Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
FAU - Malik, Yashpal Singh
AU  - Malik YS
AD  - Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research 
      Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243 122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
FAU - Singh, Raj Kumar
AU  - Singh RK
AD  - ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar 
      Pradesh, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190904
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Vaccines (Basel)
JT  - Vaccines
JID - 101629355
PMC - PMC6789546
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CpG ODN
OT  - IBDV
OT  - TLR agonist
OT  - Tinospora cordifolia
OT  - adjuvant
OT  - immunomodulator
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2019/09/07 06:00
MHDA- 2019/09/07 06:01
PMCR- 2019/09/04
CRDT- 2019/09/07 06:00
PHST- 2019/07/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/08/28 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/08/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/09/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/09/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/09/07 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/09/04 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - vaccines7030106 [pii]
AID - vaccines-07-00106 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/vaccines7030106 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Vaccines (Basel). 2019 Sep 4;7(3):106. doi: 10.3390/vaccines7030106.