PMID- 31491990 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20200323 LR - 20200323 IS - 1648-9144 (Electronic) IS - 1010-660X (Print) IS - 1010-660X (Linking) VI - 55 IP - 9 DP - 2019 Sep 5 TI - The Importance of DS-14 and HADS Questionnaires in Quantifying Psychological Stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. LID - 10.3390/medicina55090569 [doi] LID - 569 AB - Background and Objectives: The comorbid association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and a psychological profile characterized by depression and/or anxiety has been reported to increase the risk of coronary heart disease (CAD), the most striking macrovascular complication of diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to quantify anxiety, depression and the presence of type D personality, and to correlate the scores obtained with cardiovascular risk factors and disease severity in diabetic patients. Materials and methods: The retrospective study included 169 clinically stable diabetic patients divided into two groups: group 1 without macrovascular complications (n = 107) and group 2 with CAD, stroke and/or peripheral vascular disease (n = 62). A biochemical analysis and an assessment of psychic stress by applying the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)and the Type D scale (DS-14) to determine anxiety, depression and D personality scores were done in all patients. Statistical analysis was made using SPSSv17 and Microsoft Excel, non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Following application of the HAD questionnaire for the entire group (n = 169), anxiety was present in 105 patients (62.2%), and depression in 96 patients (56.8%). Group 2 showed significantly higher anxiety scores compared to group 1 (p = 0.014), while depression scores were not significantly different. Per entire group, analysis of DS-14 scores revealed social inhibition (SI) present in 56 patients (33%) and negative affectivity (NA) in 105 patients (62%). TheDS-14 SI score was significantly higher in group 2 compared to group 1 (p = 0.036). Type D personality, resulting from scores above 10 in both DS-14 parameter categories, was present in 51 patients of the study group (30%). There was a direct and significant correlation (r = 0.133, p = 0.025) between the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-Anxiety (HAD-A) score and the LDL-c values. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that more than a half of patients with diabetes had anxiety and/or depression and one third had Type D personality, sustaining that monitoring of emotional state and depression should be included in the therapeutic plan of these patients. New treatment strategies are needed to improve the well-being of diabetic patients with psychological comorbidities. FAU - Pah, Ana-Maria AU - Pah AM AD - Department of Cardiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania. FAU - Bucuras, Petru AU - Bucuras P AD - Department of Internal Medicine II, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania. pbucuras@yahoo.com. FAU - Buleu, Florina AU - Buleu F AD - Department of Cardiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania. buleu.florina@gmail.com. FAU - Tudor, Anca AU - Tudor A AD - Department of Functional Sciences, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania. FAU - Iurciuc, Stela AU - Iurciuc S AD - Department of Cardiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania. FAU - Velimirovici, Dana AU - Velimirovici D AD - Department of Cardiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania. FAU - Streian, Caius Glad AU - Streian CG AD - Department of Cardiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania. FAU - Badalica-Petrescu, Marius AU - Badalica-Petrescu M AD - Department of Cardiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania. FAU - Christodorescu, Ruxandra AU - Christodorescu R AD - Department of Internal Medicine I, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania. FAU - Dragan, Simona AU - Dragan S AD - Department of Cardiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara 300041, Romania. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20190905 PL - Switzerland TA - Medicina (Kaunas) JT - Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) JID - 9425208 SB - IM MH - Aged MH - Anxiety/classification/psychology MH - Comorbidity/trends MH - Depression/classification/psychology MH - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/classification/*psychology MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/statistics & numerical data MH - Psychometrics/instrumentation/methods/*standards MH - Retrospective Studies MH - Risk Factors MH - Stress, Psychological/*classification/psychology MH - Surveys and Questionnaires PMC - PMC6780875 OTO - NOTNLM OT - DS-14 questionnaire OT - hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) OT - psychological stress OT - risk factors OT - type 2 diabetes mellitus OT - type D personality COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2019/09/08 06:00 MHDA- 2020/03/24 06:00 PMCR- 2019/09/05 CRDT- 2019/09/08 06:00 PHST- 2019/06/30 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/08/25 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/08/30 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/09/08 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/09/08 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2020/03/24 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2019/09/05 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - medicina55090569 [pii] AID - medicina-55-00569 [pii] AID - 10.3390/medicina55090569 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Medicina (Kaunas). 2019 Sep 5;55(9):569. doi: 10.3390/medicina55090569.