PMID- 31496994
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200225
IS  - 1664-2392 (Print)
IS  - 1664-2392 (Electronic)
IS  - 1664-2392 (Linking)
VI  - 10
DP  - 2019
TI  - Carbohydrate Loading Followed by High Carbohydrate Intake During Prolonged 
      Physical Exercise and Its Impact on Glucose Control in Individuals With Diabetes 
      Type 1-An Exploratory Study.
PG  - 571
LID - 10.3389/fendo.2019.00571 [doi]
LID - 571
AB  - Background: Prolonged physical exercise (PE) is a challenge in type 1 diabetes 
      with an increased incidence of both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Purpose: To 
      evaluate the impact of two consecutive days of carbohydrate (CHO) loading, 
      followed by high intermittent CHO-intake during prolonged PE, facilitated by a 
      proactive use of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring (rtCGM), on glucose 
      control in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Methods: Ten physically active 
      individuals with type 1 diabetes were invited to participate in a 3-day long 
      sports camp with the objective to evaluate CHO-loading and high intermittent 
      CHO-intake during prolonged PE. 1.5 months later the same procedure was evaluated 
      in relation to a 90 km cross-country skiing race (Vasaloppet). Participants were 
      instructed to act proactively using rtCGM with predictive alerts to maintain 
      sensor glucose values within target range, defined as 72-180 mg/dl (4-10 mmol/l). 
      Results: Mean glucose values during CHO-loading were: day 1; 140.4 +/- 45.0 mg/dl 
      (7.8 +/- 2.5 mmol/l) and day 2; 120.6 +/- 41.4 mg/dl (6.7 +/- 2.3 mmol/l). Mean sensor 
      glucose at start of PE was 126.0 +/- 25.2 mg/dl (7.0 +/- 1.4 mmol/l) and throughout 
      PE 127.8 +/- 25.2 mg/dl (7.1 +/- 1.4 mmol/l). Percentage of time spent in range (TIR) 
      respective time spent in hypoglycemia was: CHO-loading 74.7/10.4% and during PE 
      94.3/0.6%. Conclusions: High intermittent CHO-intake during prolonged PE combined 
      with proactive use of rtCGM is associated with good glycemic control during 
      prolonged exercise in individuals with diabetes type 1. However, the time spent 
      in hypoglycemia during the 2-days of CHO-loading was 10.4% and therefore a lower 
      insulin dose might be suggested to reduce the time spent in hypoglycemia. 
      Clinical Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT03722225.
FAU - Mattsson, Stig
AU  - Mattsson S
AD  - Institute of Medical Sciences, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden.
FAU - Jendle, Johan
AU  - Jendle J
AD  - Institute of Medical Sciences, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden.
FAU - Adolfsson, Peter
AU  - Adolfsson P
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital of Halland, Kungsbacka, Sweden.
AD  - Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, 
      Gothenburg, Sweden.
LA  - eng
SI  - ClinicalTrials.gov/NCT03722225
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190821
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)
JT  - Frontiers in endocrinology
JID - 101555782
PMC - PMC6712943
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - blood glucose
OT  - carbohydrates
OT  - continuous glucose monitoring
OT  - insulin
OT  - physical activity
OT  - time in range
OT  - type 1 diabetes
EDAT- 2019/09/10 06:00
MHDA- 2019/09/10 06:01
PMCR- 2019/01/01
CRDT- 2019/09/10 06:00
PHST- 2018/11/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/08/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/09/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/09/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/09/10 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fendo.2019.00571 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019 Aug 21;10:571. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00571. 
      eCollection 2019.