PMID- 31504830
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20201118
LR  - 20240330
IS  - 1469-994X (Electronic)
IS  - 1462-2203 (Print)
IS  - 1462-2203 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 7
DP  - 2020 Jun 12
TI  - Similarities and Differences Between Sexes and Countries in the Mortality Imprint 
      of the Smoking Epidemic in 34 Low-Mortality Countries, 1950-2014.
PG  - 1210-1220
LID - 10.1093/ntr/ntz154 [doi]
AB  - INTRODUCTION: The smoking epidemic greatly affected mortality levels and trends, 
      especially among men in low-mortality countries. The objective of this article 
      was to examine similarities and differences between sexes and low-mortality 
      countries in the mortality imprint of the smoking epidemic. This will provide 
      important additions to the smoking epidemic model, but also improve our 
      understanding of the differential impact of the smoking epidemic, and provide 
      insights into its future impact. METHODS: Using lung-cancer mortality data for 30 
      European and four North American or Australasian countries, smoking-attributable 
      mortality fractions (SAMF) by sex, age (35-99), and year (1950-2014) were 
      indirectly estimated. The timing and level of the peak in SAMF35-99, estimated 
      using weighting and smoothing, were compared. RESULTS: Among men in all countries 
      except Bulgaria, a clear wave pattern was observed, with SAMF35-99 peaking, on 
      average, at 33.4% in 1986. Eastern European men experienced the highest (40%) and 
      Swedish men the lowest (16%) peak. Among women, SAMF35-99 peaked, on average, at 
      18.1% in 2007 in the North American/Australasian countries and five Northwestern 
      European countries, and increased, on average, to 7.5% in 2014 in the remaining 
      countries (4% in Southern and Eastern Europe). The average sex difference in the 
      peak is at least 25.6 years in its timing and at most 22.9 percentage points in 
      its level. CONCLUSIONS: Although the progression of smoking-attributable 
      mortality in low-mortality countries was similar, there are important unexpected 
      sex and country differences in the maximum mortality impact of the smoking 
      epidemic driven by cross-country differences in economic, political, and 
      emancipatory progress. IMPLICATIONS: The formal, systematic, and comprehensive 
      analysis of similarities and differences between sexes and 34 low-mortality 
      countries in long-term time trends (1950-2014) in smoking-attributable mortality 
      provided important additions to the Global Burden of Disease study and the 
      descriptive smoking epidemic model (Lopez et al.). Despite a general increase 
      followed by a decline, the timing of the maximum mortality impact differs more 
      between sexes than previously anticipated, but less between regions. The maximum 
      mortality impact among men differs considerably between countries. The observed 
      substantial diversity warrants country-specific tobacco control interventions and 
      increased attention to the current or expected higher smoking-attributable 
      mortality shares among women compared to men.
CI  - (c) The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the 
      Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco.
FAU - Janssen, Fanny
AU  - Janssen F
AD  - Population Research Centre, Faculty of Spatial Sciences, University of Groningen, 
      Groningen, The Netherlands.
AD  - Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute, The Hague, The Netherlands.
LA  - eng
GR  - PEC 13-001/HX/HSRD VA/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - Nicotine Tob Res
JT  - Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on 
      Nicotine and Tobacco
JID - 9815751
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Australasia/epidemiology
MH  - Europe/epidemiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology/etiology/*mortality
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Mortality/*trends
MH  - North America/epidemiology
MH  - Sex Factors
MH  - Survival Rate
MH  - Tobacco Smoking/*adverse effects/*mortality
PMC - PMC7291812
EDAT- 2019/09/11 06:00
MHDA- 2020/11/20 06:00
PMCR- 2019/08/23
CRDT- 2019/09/11 06:00
PHST- 2019/03/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/08/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/09/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/11/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/09/11 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/08/23 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 5554116 [pii]
AID - ntz154 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/ntr/ntz154 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nicotine Tob Res. 2020 Jun 12;22(7):1210-1220. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntz154.