PMID- 31507242
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200522
LR  - 20200522
IS  - 1528-7394 (Print)
IS  - 0098-4108 (Linking)
VI  - 82
IP  - 15
DP  - 2019
TI  - Assessment of skin sensitizing potential of metals with 
      beta-galactosidase-expressing E. coli culture system.
PG  - 879-889
LID - 10.1080/15287394.2019.1664958 [doi]
AB  - It has been a challenge to develop in vitro alternative test methods for accurate 
      prediction of metallic products which may exert skin sensitization, as several 
      test methods adopted by OECD were relatively ineffective in assessing the 
      capacity for metallic compounds to exert sensitizing reactions, compared with 
      organic test substances. Based upon these findings, a system that incorporates 
      beta-galactosidase producing E. coli cultures was tested for its predictive capacity 
      to well-known metallic sensitizers. In this system, E. coli cells were incubated 
      with metal salts at various concentrations and beta-galactosidase suppression by 
      each test metal was determined. Fourteen local lymph node assay (LLNA) 
      categorized metal salts were examined. Although color interference from metal 
      salts was minimal, a fluorometric detection system was also employed using 
      4-methylumbelliferyl galactopyranoside as a substrate for beta-galactosidase to 
      avoid the color interference, concomitantly with the original UV-spectrometric 
      method. Data demonstrated that two detection methods were comparable and 
      complementary. In addition, most of the metallic sensitizers were correctly 
      identified at 0.6 and 0.8 mM concentrations. Despite the lower specificity 
      obtained in the current study and small number of substances tested, the 
      developed method appears to be a relatively simple and effective in vitro method 
      for detecting metallic sensitizers. When 61 chemicals tested in the 
      beta-galactosidase producing E. coli cultures including the present study were 
      collectively analyzed, the prediction capacity was as high as other OECD-adopted 
      tests: 95.6% of sensitivity, 66.7% of specificity, and 88.5% of accuracy. It is 
      important to emphasize that animals or mammalian cell cultures were not required 
      in the current method, which are in accordance with the EU guidelines on 
      restricted or banned animal testing.
FAU - Nepal, Mahesh Raj
AU  - Nepal MR
AD  - College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , South Korea.
FAU - Kim, Geon Ho
AU  - Kim GH
AD  - College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , South Korea.
FAU - Cha, Dong Ho
AU  - Cha DH
AD  - College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , South Korea.
FAU - Jeong, Tae Cheon
AU  - Jeong TC
AD  - College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan , South Korea.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20190911
PL  - England
TA  - J Toxicol Environ Health A
JT  - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A
JID - 100960995
RN  - 0 (Metals)
RN  - 367-93-1 (Isopropyl Thiogalactoside)
RN  - EC 3.2.1.23 (beta-Galactosidase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animal Testing Alternatives/methods
MH  - *Dermatitis, Allergic Contact
MH  - Escherichia coli/enzymology/*genetics
MH  - Fluorometry
MH  - Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/*drug effects
MH  - Isopropyl Thiogalactoside
MH  - Metals/*toxicity
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Skin/drug effects
MH  - beta-Galactosidase/*antagonists & inhibitors/genetics/*metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - alternative test
OT  - metals
OT  - skin sensitization
OT  - beta-galactosidase
EDAT- 2019/09/12 06:00
MHDA- 2020/05/23 06:00
CRDT- 2019/09/12 06:00
PHST- 2019/09/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/05/23 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/09/12 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/15287394.2019.1664958 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2019;82(15):879-889. doi: 
      10.1080/15287394.2019.1664958. Epub 2019 Sep 11.