PMID- 31518363
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200310
LR  - 20200310
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 9
DP  - 2019
TI  - Epidemiological investigation and management of bloody diarrhea among children in 
      India.
PG  - e0222208
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0222208 [doi]
LID - e0222208
AB  - BACKGROUND: The evidence on the factors associated with childhood bloody diarrhea 
      in developing countries in general and India, in particular, is somewhat limited. 
      Our study, therefore, examines-the prevalence of bloody diarrhea; the magnitude 
      of treatment of bloody diarrhea (use of both oral rehydration and antibiotics 
      (pills, syrups, and injections)); and several other associated factors with 
      bloody diarrhea in the youngest children under five years in the Indian context. 
      METHODS: We used data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-4 conducted 
      in 2015-16. We used a multivariable binary logistic regression model to identify 
      the factors associated with bloody diarrhea. We also applied a multinomial 
      logistic regression model to identify associated factors with the treatment of 
      bloody diarrhea amongst the youngest children below five years. FINDINGS: The 
      overall prevalence of bloody diarrhea in the youngest children was about 9 
      percent in the last two weeks preceding the survey. There was a significant 
      difference in the mean age of those children having bloody diarrhea and watery 
      diarrhea during the same period. Children whose stools were disposed of unsafely 
      and those who belonged to households with neither a place nor water for washing 
      hands were more likely to suffer from bloody diarrhea compared to their 
      counterparts with these facilities. About a little less than one-fifth of the 
      youngest children (16%) received adequate treatment of bloody diarrhea. The 
      treatment of bloody diarrhea was associated with the health facility and maternal 
      and children's socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. CONCLUSION: The 
      study shows that household environmental risk factors are important predictors of 
      bloody diarrhea amongst the youngest children. Still, 28% of those children did 
      not receive any treatment of bloody diarrhea in India. There is also a clear need 
      to promote the practice of safe disposal of children's stools and handwashing 
      among mothers and children. Mothers need to be sensitized about the necessity of 
      an immediate visit to a health facility/center in case of bloody diarrhea.
FAU - Bawankule, Rahul
AU  - Bawankule R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-2057-5122
AD  - International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
FAU - Shetye, Sadanand
AU  - Shetye S
AD  - B. K. L. Walawalkar Hospital and Rural Medical College, Kasarwadi-Sawarde, India.
FAU - Singh, Ashish
AU  - Singh A
AD  - SJM School of Management, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 
      India.
FAU - Singh, Abhishek
AU  - Singh A
AD  - International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
FAU - Kumar, Kaushalendra
AU  - Kumar K
AD  - International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190913
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Diarrhea/*epidemiology
MH  - Family Characteristics
MH  - Female
MH  - Fluid Therapy
MH  - Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/*epidemiology
MH  - Humans
MH  - India/epidemiology
MH  - Infant
MH  - Logistic Models
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Socioeconomic Factors
MH  - Surveys and Questionnaires
MH  - Young Adult
PMC - PMC6743764
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2019/09/14 06:00
MHDA- 2020/03/11 06:00
PMCR- 2019/09/13
CRDT- 2019/09/14 06:00
PHST- 2018/12/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/08/24 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/09/14 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/09/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/03/11 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/09/13 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-18-34783 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0222208 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2019 Sep 13;14(9):e0222208. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222208. 
      eCollection 2019.