PMID- 31518828
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20191213
LR  - 20191217
IS  - 1090-2414 (Electronic)
IS  - 0147-6513 (Linking)
VI  - 184
DP  - 2019 Nov 30
TI  - Determination of carbazole and halogenated carbazoles in human serum samples 
      using GC-MS/MS.
PG  - 109609
LID - S0147-6513(19)30940-6 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109609 [doi]
AB  - Carbazole and halogenated carbazoles have been widely detected throughout the 
      environment in soil, river deposits, and lake sediments. Human exposure to these 
      compounds may occur through inhalation, drinking water, dietary intake and/or 
      skin contact, and exposure levels in the body may be evaluated by measuring them 
      in serum or blood. This paper reports the method development and validation for 
      the analysis of carbazole and 11 halogenated carbazoles in human blood and/or 
      serum samples. A small sample size of 100 muL of blood or serum was employed for 
      the analysis. The samples were prepared through salting-out liquid-liquid 
      extraction (LLE) by using hexane/ethyl acetate (4:1, v/v) as the extraction 
      solvent and aqueous MgSO(4) (37.5 wt%) as the salting-out regent, respectively. 
      Sample analysis was performed using gas-chromatography (GC) coupled with a tandem 
      mass spectrometer (MS/MS) in an electron impact (EI) mode. The developed method 
      demonstrated low detection limits in the range of 0.02-0.27 ng/mL, intra-day 
      accuracy ranging from 81.2% to 125%, and inter-day accuracy from 91.0% to 117%. 
      The intra- and inter-day precisions, calculated by relative standard deviations 
      (RSDs), were in the ranges of 1.0-16.0% and 1.8-16.4%, respectively. The 
      developed method was applied to the analysis of 50 human serum samples collected 
      from pregnant women in Southern California in 2012. Low concentrations of 
      carbazole were measured in 18 samples, while halogenated carbazoles were not 
      detected in any of the samples.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Fang, Li
AU  - Fang L
AD  - Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood (Zhoushan 
      Municipal District Center for Disease Control and Prevention), Zhoushan, 316021, 
      China; Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, 
      850 Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA.
FAU - Qiu, Fengmei
AU  - Qiu F
AD  - Daishan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Daishan, Zhejiang, 316200, 
      China.
FAU - Li, Ying
AU  - Li Y
AD  - Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, 850 
      Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA.
FAU - Wang, Shizhong
AU  - Wang S
AD  - Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, 850 
      Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA.
FAU - DeGuzman, Josephine
AU  - DeGuzman J
AD  - Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, 850 
      Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA.
FAU - Wang, Jun
AU  - Wang J
AD  - Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Hudson College of Public 
      Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, 
      USA.
FAU - She, Jianwen
AU  - She J
AD  - Environmental Health Laboratory, California Department of Public Health, 850 
      Marina Bay Parkway, Richmond, CA, 94804, USA. Electronic address: 
      jianwen.she@cdph.ca.gov.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Validation Study
DEP - 20190910
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
JT  - Ecotoxicology and environmental safety
JID - 7805381
RN  - 0 (Carbazoles)
SB  - IM
MH  - Blood Chemical Analysis/*methods
MH  - California
MH  - Carbazoles/*blood
MH  - Environmental Exposure/*analysis
MH  - Female
MH  - *Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Halogenation
MH  - Humans
MH  - Limit of Detection
MH  - Pregnancy
MH  - *Tandem Mass Spectrometry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Biomonitoring
OT  - Carbazole
OT  - Emerging contaminants
OT  - GC-MS/MS
OT  - Halogenated carbazole
OT  - Human serum
OT  - Mass spectral characteristics
OT  - Method development
EDAT- 2019/09/14 06:00
MHDA- 2019/12/18 06:00
CRDT- 2019/09/14 06:00
PHST- 2019/03/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/08/05 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/08/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/09/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/12/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/09/14 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0147-6513(19)30940-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109609 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2019 Nov 30;184:109609. doi: 
      10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109609. Epub 2019 Sep 10.