PMID- 31538219
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210104
LR  - 20210621
IS  - 1869-1447 (Electronic)
IS  - 1869-1439 (Linking)
VI  - 30
IP  - 1
DP  - 2020 Mar
TI  - CNS Infections in Immunoincompetent Patients : Neuroradiological and Clinical 
      Features.
PG  - 9-25
LID - 10.1007/s00062-019-00837-6 [doi]
AB  - In patients with immunodeficiency the pathogen spectrum of central nervous system 
      (CNS) infections is broader and different from that of immunocompetent patients. 
      Numerous opportunistic infections are characterized by a high prevalence of 
      viral, bacterial and parasitic pathogens, and depend on the type of impaired 
      immune defense, for example impaired T‑cell or monocyte function, monoclonal 
      antibody treatment, and impaired granulocyte function. Neuroradiological features 
      as well as laboratory findings are often different and versatile in comparison to 
      immunocompetent individuals and pathognomonic imaging findings do not exist; 
      however, knowledge of possible pathways of pathogens in the CNS and preferred 
      tissue affection may help in narrowing down differential diagnoses. Therefore, 
      knowledge of the type of patient and the performed immunomodulatory therapy is 
      essential for the neuroradiological assessment and the differential diagnostic 
      considerations. Moreover, parenchymal reactions in the sense of an immune 
      reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) can occur when immunocompetence is 
      restored. This review focus on the most common pathologies in immunocompromised 
      patients, and an overview of imaging features but also of pathology and clinical 
      aspects is given. The synopsis of anamnestic information, clinical findings and 
      structured analysis of the lesion pattern, its spread and short-term follow-up 
      may increase the correct diagnostic classification; however, the gold standard is 
      still determination of the pathogen in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood 
      cultures or biopsies.
FAU - Weidauer, Stefan
AU  - Weidauer S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6437-6793
AD  - Department of Neurology, Sankt Katharinen Hospital, Teaching Hospital, Goethe 
      University, Seckbacher Landstrasse 65, 60389, Frankfurt/Main, Germany. 
      stefan.weidauer@sankt-katharinen-ffm.de.
FAU - Wagner, Marlies
AU  - Wagner M
AD  - Institute of Neuroradiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
FAU - Enkirch, Simon Jonas
AU  - Enkirch SJ
AD  - Department of Neuroradiology, University Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
FAU - Hattingen, Elke
AU  - Hattingen E
AD  - Institute of Neuroradiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20190919
PL  - Germany
TA  - Clin Neuroradiol
JT  - Clinical neuroradiology
JID - 101526693
SB  - IM
MH  - Brain/*diagnostic imaging/*physiopathology
MH  - Central Nervous System Infections/*diagnostic imaging/*physiopathology
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Immunocompromised Host
MH  - Neuroimaging/*methods
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cerebral
OT  - Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
OT  - Immunosuppression
OT  - Magnetic resonance imaging
OT  - Opportunistic infection
EDAT- 2019/09/21 06:00
MHDA- 2021/01/05 06:00
CRDT- 2019/09/21 06:00
PHST- 2019/07/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/08/28 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/09/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/01/05 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/09/21 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 10.1007/s00062-019-00837-6 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s00062-019-00837-6 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Neuroradiol. 2020 Mar;30(1):9-25. doi: 10.1007/s00062-019-00837-6. Epub 2019 
      Sep 19.