PMID- 31540032
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20190923
LR  - 20191023
IS  - 1424-8220 (Electronic)
IS  - 1424-8220 (Linking)
VI  - 19
IP  - 18
DP  - 2019 Sep 14
TI  - Sensing and Self-Sensing Actuation Methods for Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite 
      (IPMC): A Review.
LID - 10.3390/s19183967 [doi]
LID - 3967
AB  - Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMC) are smart material transducers that bend in 
      response to low-voltage stimuli and generate voltage in response to bending. 
      IPMCs are mechanically compliant, simple in construction, and easy to cut into 
      desired shape. This allows the designing of novel sensing and actuation systems, 
      e.g., for soft and bio-inspired robotics. IPMC sensing can be implemented in 
      multiple ways, resulting in significantly different sensing characteristics. This 
      paper will review the methods and research efforts to use IPMCs as deformation 
      sensors. We will address efforts to model the IPMC sensing phenomenon, and 
      implementation and characteristics of different IPMC sensing methods. Proposed 
      sensing methods are divided into active sensing, passive sensing, and 
      self-sensing actuation (SSA), whereas the active sensing methods measure one of 
      IPMC-generated voltage, charge, or current; passive methods measure variations in 
      IPMC impedances, or use it in capacitive sensor element circuit, and SSA methods 
      implement simultaneous sensing and actuation on the same IPMC sample. Frequency 
      ranges for reliable sensing vary among the methods, and no single method has been 
      demonstrated to be effective for sensing in the full spectrum of IPMC actuation 
      capabilities, i.e., from DC to  approximately 100 Hz. However, this limitation can be overcome 
      by combining several sensing methods.
FAU - MohdIsa, WanHasbullah
AU  - MohdIsa W
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7298-8199
AD  - Department of Precision and Microsytems Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, 
      Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD 
      Delft, The Netherlands. w.h.b.mohdisa@tudelft.nl.
AD  - Faculty of Manufacturing and Mechatronic Engineering Technology, Universiti 
      Malaysia Pahang, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia. w.h.b.mohdisa@tudelft.nl.
FAU - Hunt, Andres
AU  - Hunt A
AD  - Department of Precision and Microsytems Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, 
      Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD 
      Delft, The Netherlands. A.Hunt-1@tudelft.nl.
FAU - HosseinNia, S Hassan
AU  - HosseinNia SH
AD  - Department of Precision and Microsytems Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, 
      Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD 
      Delft, The Netherlands. S.H.HosseinNiaKani@tudelft.nl.
LA  - eng
GR  - KPT(BS) 830824025271/Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190914
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Sensors (Basel)
JT  - Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101204366
SB  - IM
PMC - PMC6767269
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - IPMC
OT  - electroactive polymer
OT  - ionic polymer
OT  - self-sensing
OT  - sensing
OT  - smart material
OT  - transducer
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2019/09/22 06:00
MHDA- 2019/09/22 06:01
PMCR- 2019/09/01
CRDT- 2019/09/22 06:00
PHST- 2019/08/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/09/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/09/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/09/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/09/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/09/22 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - s19183967 [pii]
AID - sensors-19-03967 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/s19183967 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sensors (Basel). 2019 Sep 14;19(18):3967. doi: 10.3390/s19183967.