PMID- 31550725
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200723
LR  - 20200723
IS  - 1423-0275 (Electronic)
IS  - 0301-1569 (Linking)
VI  - 81
IP  - 5-6
DP  - 2019
TI  - High-Grade Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Human Papillomavirus 
      Status and PD-L1 Expression.
PG  - 309-316
LID - 10.1159/000502325 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related head and neck squamous cell 
      carcinoma represents an important subgroup of head and neck cancer, but HPV 
      occurs also in the less common neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC). The PD-1/PD-L1 
      pathway appears to be activated in pulmonary NEC and correlates with a higher 
      mutation burden, but the potential of NEC to respond to checkpoint inhibitors is 
      unknown to a large extent. OBJECTIVES: To determine the HPV status of NEC of the 
      head and neck region and to investigate the expression of PD-1 and its ligands 
      PD-L1 and PD-L2. METHODS: Surgical tumor samples from 2006 to 2017 were analyzed. 
      HPV status was determined by p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) and multiplex PCR. 
      IHC using the Cologne Score was performed for PD-1, PD-L1, and PD-L2. RESULTS: 
      Seven NEC tumor samples were analyzed, three of them showed HPV type 18. 
      Expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 differed widely and showed no correlation to HPV 
      status. IHC showed an overexpression of PD-L2 in most of the patients. 
      CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: A multicentric analysis of NEC is needed to further 
      evaluate the role of HPV as well as immunocheckpoints with regard to inflammatory 
      immune response in genesis and clinical course of this rare tumor entity. 
      Biomarkers for selection of novel treatment regimens, including immunotherapeutic 
      approaches, are warranted.
CI  - (c) 2019 S. Karger AG, Basel.
FAU - Bahr, Katharina
AU  - Bahr K
AD  - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical 
      Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
FAU - Zimmer, Stefanie
AU  - Zimmer S
AD  - Institute of Pathology and Tissue Biobank, University Medical Center Mainz, 
      Mainz, Germany.
FAU - Springer, Erik
AU  - Springer E
AD  - Institute of Molecular Pathology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, 
      Germany.
FAU - Fottner, Christian
AU  - Fottner C
AD  - Department of Endocrine and Neuroendocrine Tumors, University Medical Center 
      Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
FAU - Becker, Sven
AU  - Becker S
AD  - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical 
      Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
FAU - Ernst, Benjamin P
AU  - Ernst BP
AD  - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical 
      Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
FAU - Matthias, Christoph
AU  - Matthias C
AD  - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical 
      Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
FAU - Kunzel, Julian
AU  - Kunzel J
AD  - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical 
      Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany, julian.kuenzel@gmx.net.
AD  - Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of 
      Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany, julian.kuenzel@gmx.net.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190924
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec
JT  - ORL; journal for oto-rhino-laryngology and its related specialties
JID - 0334721
RN  - 0 (B7-H1 Antigen)
RN  - 0 (CD274 protein, human)
RN  - 0 (Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - B7-H1 Antigen/*metabolism
MH  - Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine/*metabolism/pathology/*virology
MH  - Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*metabolism/pathology/*virology
MH  - Female
MH  - Head and Neck Neoplasms/*metabolism/pathology/*virology
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Neoplasm Grading
MH  - Papillomavirus Infections/*complications
MH  - Programmed Cell Death 1 Ligand 2 Protein/*metabolism
MH  - Retrospective Studies
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Head and neck
OT  - Human papillomavirus
OT  - Immunotherapy
OT  - Neuroendocrine carcinoma
OT  - PD-L1
EDAT- 2019/09/25 06:00
MHDA- 2020/07/24 06:00
CRDT- 2019/09/25 06:00
PHST- 2018/12/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/07/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/09/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/07/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/09/25 06:00 [entrez]
AID - 000502325 [pii]
AID - 10.1159/000502325 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2019;81(5-6):309-316. doi: 10.1159/000502325. 
      Epub 2019 Sep 24.