PMID- 31561640 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20201001 IS - 1999-4923 (Print) IS - 1999-4923 (Electronic) IS - 1999-4923 (Linking) VI - 11 IP - 10 DP - 2019 Sep 26 TI - Comparison of Traditional and Ultrasound-Enhanced Electrospinning in Fabricating Nanofibrous Drug Delivery Systems. LID - 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100495 [doi] LID - 495 AB - We investigated nozzleless ultrasound-enhanced electrospinning (USES) as means to generate nanofibrous drug delivery systems (DDSs) for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Traditional electrospinning (TES) equipped with a conventional spinneret was used as a reference method. High-molecular polyethylene oxide (PEO) and chitosan were used as carrier polymers and theophylline anhydrate as a water-soluble model drug. The nanofibers were electrospun with the diluted mixture (7:3) of aqueous acetic acid (90% v/v) and formic acid solution (90% v/v) (with a total solid content of 3% w/v). The fiber diameter and morphology of the nanofibrous DDSs were modulated by varying ultrasonic parameters in the USES process (i.e., frequency, pulse repetition frequency and cycles per pulse). We found that the USES technology produced nanofibers with higher fiber diameter (402 +/- 127 nm) than TES (77 +/- 21 nm). An increase of a burst count in USES increased the fiber diameter (555 +/- 265 nm) and the variation in fiber size. The slight-to-moderate changes in a solid state (crystallinity) were detected when compared the nanofibers generated by TES and USES. In conclusion, USES provides a promising alternative for aqueous-based fabrication of nanofibrous DDSs for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. FAU - Hakkarainen, Enni AU - Hakkarainen E AD - School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland. hakkarainen.enni@gmail.com. FAU - Korkjas, Arle AU - Korkjas A AD - Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia. arle.korkjas@ut.ee. FAU - Laidmae, Ivo AU - Laidmae I AD - Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia. ivo.laidmae@ut.ee. AD - Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia. ivo.laidmae@ut.ee. FAU - Lust, Andres AU - Lust A AD - Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia. andres.lust@ut.ee. FAU - Semjonov, Kristian AU - Semjonov K AD - Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia. kristian.semjonov@gmail.com. FAU - Kogermann, Karin AU - Kogermann K AD - Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia. kkogermann@gmail.com. FAU - Nieminen, Heikki J AU - Nieminen HJ AD - Electronics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. heikki.j.nieminen@aalto.fi. AD - Medical Ultrasonics Laboratory, Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, 02150 Espoo, Finland. heikki.j.nieminen@aalto.fi. FAU - Salmi, Ari AU - Salmi A AD - Electronics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. ari.salmi@helsinki.fi. FAU - Korhonen, Ossi AU - Korhonen O AD - School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland. ossi.korhonen@uef.fi. FAU - Haeggstrom, Edward AU - Haeggstrom E AD - Electronics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland. edward.haeggstrom@helsinki.fi. FAU - Heinamaki, Jyrki AU - Heinamaki J AD - Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia. jyrki.heinamaki@ut.ee. LA - eng GR - IUT34-18/Eesti Teadusagentuur/ GR - PUT1088/Eesti Teadusagentuur/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20190926 PL - Switzerland TA - Pharmaceutics JT - Pharmaceutics JID - 101534003 PMC - PMC6835569 OTO - NOTNLM OT - nanotechnology, nanofibers, traditional electrospinning, ultrasound-enhanced electrospinning, drug delivery system COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest. EDAT- 2019/09/29 06:00 MHDA- 2019/09/29 06:01 PMCR- 2019/10/01 CRDT- 2019/09/29 06:00 PHST- 2019/08/31 00:00 [received] PHST- 2019/09/19 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2019/09/23 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2019/09/29 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2019/09/29 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2019/09/29 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2019/10/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - pharmaceutics11100495 [pii] AID - pharmaceutics-11-00495 [pii] AID - 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100495 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Pharmaceutics. 2019 Sep 26;11(10):495. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100495.