PMID- 31562931
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20210317
LR  - 20210317
IS  - 1876-2867 (Electronic)
IS  - 1876-2859 (Linking)
VI  - 20
IP  - 3
DP  - 2020 Apr
TI  - Medication Errors From Over-the-Counter Cough and Cold Medications in Children.
PG  - 327-332
LID - S1876-2859(19)30389-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.acap.2019.09.006 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Out of hospital medication-related adverse events (AEs) from cough and 
      cold medications (CCMs) can have significant public health impact. The objective 
      of this study was to characterize pediatric medication error AEs involving 
      over-the-counter (OTC) CCMs to identify preventable factors. METHODS: Multisource 
      national data surveillance system study using an expert panel evaluating CCM AEs 
      related to medication errors. INCLUSION CRITERIA: age <12 years, and at least 1 
      significant AE from at least 1 index ingredient from a CCM OTC product. RESULTS: 
      From 2009 through 2016, 4756 cases were determined to have a significant AE 
      related to an OTC CCM ingredient and 513 (10.8%) cases were due to a medication 
      error. Nearly half of medication errors involved children 2 to <6 years old 
      (n = 235; 45.8%). Many involved administration by a parent (n = 231; 45.0%) or 
      alternative caregiver (n = 148; 28.8%). In nearly all cases (93.2%), the 
      medication error involved the wrong dose of the medication. Health care facility 
      evaluation occurred in 381 (74.3%) cases. Diphenhydramine and dextromethorphan 
      were responsible for most medication errors and medication errors involving 
      health care facility evaluation. There were no deaths from medication errors. 
      CONCLUSION: In this multiyear surveillance study, medication errors most commonly 
      occurred in children <6 years old who received the wrong volume of a liquid 
      product. Diphenhydramine and dextromethorphan dosing errors were the most common 
      cause of medication errors resulting from CCM use. Continued standardization of 
      measuring devices, concentrations, and units of measure along with consumer 
      education are needed to further decrease medication errors from CCMs.
CI  - Published by Elsevier Inc.
FAU - Wang, George Sam
AU  - Wang GS
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado 
      Anschutz Medical Campus (GS Wang), Aurora, Colo; Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug 
      Safety, Denver Health and Hospital Authority (GS Wang, KM Reynolds, RB Palmer, M 
      Rapp-Olsson, JL Green, and RC Dart), Denver, Colo.
FAU - Reynolds, Kate M
AU  - Reynolds KM
AD  - Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Safety, Denver Health and Hospital Authority (GS 
      Wang, KM Reynolds, RB Palmer, M Rapp-Olsson, JL Green, and RC Dart), Denver, 
      Colo. Electronic address: kate.reynolds@rmpds.org.
FAU - Banner, William
AU  - Banner W
AD  - Oklahoma Center for Poison and Drug Information, Oklahoma University College of 
      Pharmacy (W Banner), Oklahoma City, Okla.
FAU - Bond, G Randall
AU  - Bond GR
AD  - Faculte de Medecine, Hope Africa University (GR Bond), Bujumbura, Burundi.
FAU - Kauffman, Ralph E
AU  - Kauffman RE
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine 
      (RE Kauffman), Kansas City, Mo.
FAU - Palmer, Robert B
AU  - Palmer RB
AD  - Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Safety, Denver Health and Hospital Authority (GS 
      Wang, KM Reynolds, RB Palmer, M Rapp-Olsson, JL Green, and RC Dart), Denver, 
      Colo.
FAU - Paul, Ian M
AU  - Paul IM
AD  - Pediatrics & Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine (IM Paul), 
      Hershey, Pa.
FAU - Rapp-Olsson, Malin
AU  - Rapp-Olsson M
AD  - Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Safety, Denver Health and Hospital Authority (GS 
      Wang, KM Reynolds, RB Palmer, M Rapp-Olsson, JL Green, and RC Dart), Denver, 
      Colo.
FAU - Green, Jody L
AU  - Green JL
AD  - Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Safety, Denver Health and Hospital Authority (GS 
      Wang, KM Reynolds, RB Palmer, M Rapp-Olsson, JL Green, and RC Dart), Denver, 
      Colo; Inflexion, an IBH Company (JL Green), Costa Mesa, Calif.
FAU - Dart, Richard C
AU  - Dart RC
AD  - Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Safety, Denver Health and Hospital Authority (GS 
      Wang, KM Reynolds, RB Palmer, M Rapp-Olsson, JL Green, and RC Dart), Denver, 
      Colo.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20190925
PL  - United States
TA  - Acad Pediatr
JT  - Academic pediatrics
JID - 101499145
RN  - 0 (Nonprescription Drugs)
RN  - 7355X3ROTS (Dextromethorphan)
RN  - 8GTS82S83M (Diphenhydramine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Child
MH  - Child, Preschool
MH  - Common Cold/*drug therapy
MH  - Cough/*drug therapy
MH  - Dextromethorphan/administration & dosage/*adverse effects
MH  - Diphenhydramine/administration & dosage/*adverse effects
MH  - Drug Utilization/statistics & numerical data
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Infant
MH  - Male
MH  - Medication Errors/*statistics & numerical data
MH  - Nonprescription Drugs/administration & dosage/*adverse effects
MH  - Parents
MH  - Public Health Surveillance
MH  - United States
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - cough and cold medications
OT  - medication errors
OT  - pediatric medication safety
EDAT- 2019/09/29 06:00
MHDA- 2021/03/18 06:00
CRDT- 2019/09/29 06:00
PHST- 2019/04/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/09/14 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/09/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/09/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/03/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/09/29 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S1876-2859(19)30389-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.acap.2019.09.006 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Acad Pediatr. 2020 Apr;20(3):327-332. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2019.09.006. Epub 2019 
      Sep 25.