PMID- 31586690
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200323
LR  - 20200323
IS  - 1872-7573 (Electronic)
IS  - 0378-8741 (Linking)
VI  - 247
DP  - 2020 Jan 30
TI  - Ganoderma lucidum spore oil induces apoptosis of breast cancer cells in vitro and 
      in vivo by activating caspase-3 and caspase-9.
PG  - 112256
LID - S0378-8741(19)32056-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112256 [doi]
AB  - ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) is a 
      traditional Chinese medicine reported to have a variety of pharmacological 
      properties, including anti-cancer activity. G. lucidum spore oil (GLSO) is a 
      lipid substance extracted from sporoderm-broken spore of G. lucidum. However, the 
      effect of GLSO on breast cancer and the underlying molecular mechanism remain 
      unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was to identify the effects of 
      GLSO on breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo as well as to investigate the 
      mechanistic basis for the anticancer effect of GLSO. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 
      First, in vitro MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with GLSO (0.2, 0.4, and 
      0.6 muL/mL). The protein levels of B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X 
      (Bax), X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), total poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 
      (PARP), caspase-3 and caspase-8 were examined using western blotting. The mRNA 
      expression levels of Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD), TNF 
      receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), caspases-3, -8, -9 and Bax were examined 
      using qRT-PCR. Second, in vivo the anticancer properties of GLSO were assessed by 
      H&E, TUNEL and immunohistochemistry in BALB/c mice injected with 4T1 cells. In 
      addition, the levels of caspase-9/caspase-3 signaling pathway proteins in tumor 
      tissue were evaluated by immunoblotting. Finally, MDA-MB-231 cells were treated 
      with caspase inhibitors to measure cell viability, the protein levels were 
      examined with western blotting. RESULTS: The results in vitro showed that GLSO 
      up-regulated the expression of Bax and caspase-3 in MDA-MB-231 cells, but had no 
      effect on the expression of caspase-8. Moreover, the growth of tumors in vivo was 
      significantly suppressed in the GLSO-treated group. The results of Western blot 
      were consistent with in vitro. In vitro, co-treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells with 
      caspase inhibitors reduced the inhibitory effect of GLSO on cell growth. 
      CONCLUSIONS: GLSO inhibits the growth of MDA-MB-231 cells and tumors in vivo by 
      inducing apoptosis, which may be achieved through the mitochondrial apoptotic 
      pathway.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Jiao, Chunwei
AU  - Jiao C
AD  - Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, PR China; 
      State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial 
      Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open 
      Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, 
      Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, PR China.
FAU - Chen, Wang
AU  - Chen W
AD  - Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, PR China.
FAU - Tan, Xupeng
AU  - Tan X
AD  - Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, PR China.
FAU - Liang, Huijia
AU  - Liang H
AD  - Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, PR China.
FAU - Li, Jieyi
AU  - Li J
AD  - Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, PR China.
FAU - Yun, Hao
AU  - Yun H
AD  - Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, PR China.
FAU - He, Chunyan
AU  - He C
AD  - Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, PR China.
FAU - Chen, Jiaming
AU  - Chen J
AD  - Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, PR China.
FAU - Ma, Xiaowei
AU  - Ma X
AD  - Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, PR China.
FAU - Xie, Yizhen
AU  - Xie Y
AD  - Guangdong Yuewei Edible Fungi Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, 510663, PR China; 
      State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial 
      Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open 
      Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, 
      Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, PR China. Electronic address: 
      xyzgdim@sina.com.
FAU - Yang, Burton B
AU  - Yang BB
AD  - Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Laboratory 
      Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada. 
      Electronic address: byang@sri.utoronto.ca.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20191003
PL  - Ireland
TA  - J Ethnopharmacol
JT  - Journal of ethnopharmacology
JID - 7903310
RN  - 0 (Oils)
RN  - EC 3.4.22.- (Caspase 3)
RN  - EC 3.4.22.- (Caspase 9)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Apoptosis/*drug effects
MH  - Breast Neoplasms/*drug therapy/pathology
MH  - Caspase 3/metabolism
MH  - Caspase 9/metabolism
MH  - Cell Line, Tumor/transplantation
MH  - Cell Proliferation/drug effects
MH  - Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Medicine, Chinese Traditional/*methods
MH  - Mice
MH  - Oils/*pharmacology/therapeutic use
MH  - Reishi/*chemistry
MH  - Spores, Fungal/chemistry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Apoptosis
OT  - Breast cancer
OT  - Caspase-3
OT  - Caspase-9
OT  - Ganoderma lucidum
OT  - Sporoderm-broken spore oil
EDAT- 2019/10/07 06:00
MHDA- 2020/03/24 06:00
CRDT- 2019/10/07 06:00
PHST- 2019/05/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/09/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/09/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/10/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/03/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/10/07 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0378-8741(19)32056-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112256 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 Jan 30;247:112256. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112256. Epub 
      2019 Oct 3.