PMID- 31588910
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240216
IS  - 1929-0748 (Print)
IS  - 1929-0748 (Electronic)
IS  - 1929-0748 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 10
DP  - 2019 Oct 4
TI  - Promoting Smoke-Free Homes Through Biomarker Feedback Documenting Child Exposure 
      to Tobacco Toxins: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial.
PG  - e12654
LID - 10.2196/12654 [doi]
LID - e12654
AB  - BACKGROUND: Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) early in life increases the risk 
      of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), asthma, and respiratory illnesses. Since 
      children's primary exposure to SHS occurs in the home, these most vulnerable 
      members of our society are not fully protected by recent increases in the 
      adoption of smoking bans in public spaces. Although exposure to SHS is a quickly 
      reversible cause of excess morbidity, few low-income homes strictly enforce 
      smoking restrictions. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to test a novel approach to 
      motivate the adoption of home smoking restrictions and to eliminate child SHS 
      exposure by providing parents with objective data documenting home SHS exposure 
      and "biomarker feedback" of child ingestion of tobacco toxins, that is, 
      objective, laboratory-based results of assays performed on child urine, 
      documenting levels of nicotine; cotinine; and NNAL 
      (4-[methylnitrosamino]-1-[3-pyridyl]-1-butanol), which is a metabolite of the 
      known tobacco carcinogen NNK (4-[methylnitro-samino]-1-[3-pyridyl]-1-butanone). 
      METHODS: From 2011 to 2013, 195 low-income, female smokers with children aged </=10 
      years residing in their homes were recruited into a two-arm randomized clinical 
      trial. Participants were assigned to one of two groups: biomarker feedback (n=98) 
      and health education (n=97). In-home assessments were administered at baseline, 
      week 16, and week 26. Children's home SHS exposure and nicotine, cotinine, and 
      NNAL levels from urine samples, measured through a passive nicotine dosimeter and 
      a surface sample of residual tobacco smoke (ie, thirdhand smoke), were collected 
      at all three time points. Primary outcome was dosimeter-verified, self-reported 
      complete home smoking restrictions at 6 months after randomization. Secondary 
      outcomes included parental self-report of smoking behavior change and child urine 
      tobacco toxin (biomarker) change. RESULTS: Data collection and analyses are 
      complete, and the results are being interpreted. CONCLUSIONS: The study protocol 
      describes the development of a novel community-based controlled trial designed to 
      examine the efficacy of biomarker feedback documenting home and child exposure to 
      SHS on parental smoking behavior change. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT 
      IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR1-10.2196/12654.
CI  - (c)Janet Leigh Thomas, Meredith Schreier, Xianghua Luo, Sue Lowry, Deborah 
      Hennrikus, Lawrence An, David W Wetter, Jasjit S Ahluwalia. Originally published 
      in JMIR Research Protocols (http://www.researchprotocols.org), 04.10.2019.
FAU - Thomas, Janet Leigh
AU  - Thomas JL
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2186-6543
AD  - Program in Health Disparities Research, Department of Medicine, Division of 
      General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United 
      States.
FAU - Schreier, Meredith
AU  - Schreier M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1418-3819
AD  - Program in Health Disparities Research, Department of Medicine, Division of 
      General Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United 
      States.
FAU - Luo, Xianghua
AU  - Luo X
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7501-6582
AD  - School of Public Health, Division of Biostatistics, Masonic Cancer Center, 
      University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
FAU - Lowry, Sue
AU  - Lowry S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9739-8208
AD  - Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Minnesota, 
      Minneapolis, MN, United States.
FAU - Hennrikus, Deborah
AU  - Hennrikus D
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0995-5754
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United 
      States.
FAU - An, Lawrence
AU  - An L
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9861-1800
AD  - Center for Health Communications Resarch, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 
      United States.
FAU - Wetter, David W
AU  - Wetter DW
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4013-1932
AD  - Center for Health Outcomes and Population Equity, Huntsman Cancer Center, 
      University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States.
FAU - Ahluwalia, Jasjit S
AU  - Ahluwalia JS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1756-3646
AD  - Brown University School of Public Health and Alpert School of Medicine, 
      Providence, RI, United States.
LA  - eng
GR  - P30 CA077598/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - P60 MD003422/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20191004
PL  - Canada
TA  - JMIR Res Protoc
JT  - JMIR research protocols
JID - 101599504
PMC - PMC6913685
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - biomarker feedback
OT  - cessation
OT  - randomized clinical trial
OT  - second hand smoke
COIS- Conflicts of Interest: None declared.
EDAT- 2019/10/08 06:00
MHDA- 2019/10/08 06:01
PMCR- 2019/10/04
CRDT- 2019/10/08 06:00
PHST- 2018/10/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/06/12 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/06/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/10/08 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/10/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/10/08 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/10/04 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - v8i10e12654 [pii]
AID - 10.2196/12654 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - JMIR Res Protoc. 2019 Oct 4;8(10):e12654. doi: 10.2196/12654.