PMID- 31600699
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200116
LR  - 20200116
IS  - 1873-6424 (Electronic)
IS  - 0269-7491 (Linking)
VI  - 255
IP  - Pt 2
DP  - 2019 Dec
TI  - Annual changes in concentrations and health risks of PCDD/Fs, DL-PCBs and 
      organochlorine pesticides in ambient air based on the Global Monitoring Plan in 
      Sao Paulo.
PG  - 113310
LID - S0269-7491(19)32774-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113310 [doi]
AB  - Ambient air contains a number of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), to which 
      inhalation exposure has drawn worldwide concern. However, information regarding 
      annual changes in the concentrations and health risks of POPs in the ambient air 
      of Sao Paulo, Brazil, are limited. This study provides comprehensive information 
      on annual changes in polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans 
      (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs), and 10 groups of 
      organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the ambient air of Sao Paulo between 2010 and 
      2015 based on the Global Monitoring Plan. The mass concentrations of the studied 
      POPs (PCDD/Fs, DL-PCBs, and OCPs) showed declining trends from 2010 to 2015 (from 
      2.65 x 10(-2) to 1.33 x 10(-2) pg m(-3), from 9.89 x 10(-2) to 
      3.12 x 10(-2) pg m(-3), and from 0.313 to 0.100 ng m(-3), respectively), which 
      might be due to the decrease of non-intentional emissions. The carcinogenic risk 
      (CR) and non-carcinogenic risk (Non-CR) of the studied POPs were 1.48 x 10(-11) 
      to 6.08 x 10(-7) and 3.44 x 10(-8) to 3.34 x 10(-3), respectively, which are 
      lower than the generally accepted threshold values (10(-6)/10(-5) and 1 for CR 
      and Non-CR, respectively), suggesting that the health risks posed by the studied 
      POPs were acceptable. PCDD/Fs had the highest CR (6.08 x 10(-8)-4.81 x 10(-7)), 
      whereas the 95th percentile CR of DL-PCBs and nine of the OCPs were lower than 
      10(-7), suggesting that among the studied POPs, PCDD/Fs in the ambient air 
      warrant special attention. The 95th percentile CRs of 
      dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (2.30 x 10(-8)), dieldrin (1.30 x 10(-8)), 
      hexachlorocyclohexanes (1.05 x 10(-8)), heptachlor (8.97 x 10(-9)), 
      hexachlorobenzene (6.47 x 10(-9)), chlordane (5.89 x 10(-9)), heptachlor epoxide 
      (1.42 x 10(-9)), aldrin (1.33 x 10(-9)), and mirex (2.71 x 10(-10)) in ambient 
      air were relatively low, suggesting that their threats to human health were 
      negligible. In general, PCDD/Fs, DL-PCBs, and OCPs in the ambient air of Sao 
      Paulo did not pose serious threats to human health during 2010-2015.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Hu, Zhiyong
AU  - Hu Z
AD  - Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, 
      Medical College of SoochowUniversity, Suzhou, China; Center of Disease Control 
      and Prevention, Lishui, China.
FAU - Li, Jiafu
AU  - Li J
AD  - School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 
      300072, China.
FAU - Li, Bingyan
AU  - Li B
AD  - Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, 
      Medical College of SoochowUniversity, Suzhou, China.
FAU - Zhang, Zengli
AU  - Zhang Z
AD  - Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, 
      Medical College of SoochowUniversity, Suzhou, China. Electronic address: 
      zhangzengli@suda.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20190925
PL  - England
TA  - Environ Pollut
JT  - Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
JID - 8804476
RN  - 0 (Air Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Benzofurans)
RN  - 0 (Dibenzofurans)
RN  - 0 (Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Dioxins)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - 0 (Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins)
RN  - 12789-03-6 (Chlordan)
RN  - 4Z87H0LKUY (Hexachlorobenzene)
RN  - 59NEE7PCAB (Hexachlorocyclohexane)
RN  - CIW5S16655 (DDT)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Air Pollutants/*analysis
MH  - Benzofurans/analysis
MH  - Brazil
MH  - Chlordan
MH  - DDT
MH  - Dibenzofurans/analysis
MH  - Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated/*analysis
MH  - Dioxins/*analysis
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Hexachlorobenzene/analysis
MH  - Hexachlorocyclohexane
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis
MH  - Pesticides/analysis
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/*analysis
MH  - Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/*analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Ambient air
OT  - Annual changes
OT  - Global monitoring plan
OT  - Health risk assessment
OT  - Persistent organic pollutants
EDAT- 2019/10/11 06:00
MHDA- 2020/01/17 06:00
CRDT- 2019/10/11 06:00
PHST- 2019/05/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/09/23 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/09/25 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/10/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/01/17 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/10/11 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S0269-7491(19)32774-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113310 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Pollut. 2019 Dec;255(Pt 2):113310. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113310. 
      Epub 2019 Sep 25.