PMID- 31604150
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20200413
LR  - 20200413
IS  - 1095-9947 (Electronic)
IS  - 1050-4648 (Linking)
VI  - 95
DP  - 2019 Dec
TI  - Advances in salmonid fish immunology: A review of methods and techniques for 
      lymphoid tissue and peripheral blood leucocyte isolation and application.
PG  - 44-80
LID - S1050-4648(19)30965-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.006 [doi]
AB  - Evaluating studies over the past almost 40 years, this review outlines the 
      current knowledge and research gaps in the use of isolated leucocytes in salmonid 
      immunology understanding. This contribution focuses on the techniques used to 
      isolate salmonid immune cells and popular immunological assays. The paper also 
      analyses the use of leucocytes to demonstrate immunomodulation following dietary 
      manipulation, exposure to physical and chemical stressors, effects of pathogens 
      and parasites, vaccine design and application strategies assessment. We also 
      present findings on development of fish immune cell lines and their potential 
      uses in aquaculture immunology. The review recovered 114 studies, where 
      discontinuous density gradient centrifugation (DDGC) with Percoll density 
      gradient was the most popular leucocyte isolation method. Fish head kidney (HK) 
      and peripheral blood (PB) were the main sources of leucocytes, from rainbow trout 
      (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Phagocytosis and 
      respiratory burst were the most popular immunological assays. Studies used 
      isolated leucocytes to demonstrate that dietary manipulations enhance fish 
      immunity, while chemical and physical stressors suppress immunity. In addition, 
      parasites, and microbial pathogens depress fish innate immunity and induce 
      pro-inflammatory cytokine gene transcripts production, while vaccines enhance 
      immunity. This review found 10 developed salmonid cell lines, mainly from S. 
      salar and O. mykiss HK tissue, which require fish euthanisation to isolate. In 
      the face of high costs involved with density gradient reagents, the application 
      of hypotonic lysis in conjunction with mico-volume blood methods can potentially 
      reduce research costs, time, and using nonlethal and ethically flexible 
      approaches. Since the targeted literature review for this study retrieved no 
      metabolomics study of leucocytes, indicates that this approach, together with 
      traditional technics and novel flow cytometry could help open new opportunities 
      for in vitro studies in aquaculture immunology and vaccinology.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Lulijwa, Ronald
AU  - Lulijwa R
AD  - Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health 
      and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, 
      Auckland, 1142, New Zealand; National Agricultural Research Organisation (NARO), 
      Rwebitaba Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institute 
      (Rwebitaba-ZARDI), P. O. Box 96, Fort Portal, Uganda.
FAU - Alfaro, Andrea C
AU  - Alfaro AC
AD  - Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health 
      and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, 
      Auckland, 1142, New Zealand. Electronic address: andrea.alfaro@aut.ac.nz.
FAU - Merien, Fabrice
AU  - Merien F
AD  - Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health 
      and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, 
      Auckland, 1142, New Zealand; AUT-Roche Diagnostics Laboratory, School of Science, 
      Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, 
      Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
FAU - Meyer, Jill
AU  - Meyer J
AD  - Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health 
      and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, 
      Auckland, 1142, New Zealand; AUT-Roche Diagnostics Laboratory, School of Science, 
      Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, 
      Private Bag 92006, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
FAU - Young, Tim
AU  - Young T
AD  - Aquaculture Biotechnology Research Group, School of Science, Faculty of Health 
      and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Private Bag 92006, 
      Auckland, 1142, New Zealand; The Centre for Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, 
      School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20191008
PL  - England
TA  - Fish Shellfish Immunol
JT  - Fish & shellfish immunology
JID - 9505220
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Aquaculture
MH  - Cell Line
MH  - Centrifugation, Density Gradient
MH  - Diet/veterinary
MH  - Flow Cytometry
MH  - Head Kidney/cytology/*immunology
MH  - Immunologic Techniques
MH  - Leukocytes/*immunology
MH  - Lymphoid Tissue/cytology/*immunology
MH  - Oncorhynchus mykiss/*immunology
MH  - Phagocytosis
MH  - Salmo salar/*immunology
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Farmed salmon
OT  - Head kidney leucocytes
OT  - Immunology
OT  - Leucocyte isolation
OT  - Peripheral blood leucocytes
EDAT- 2019/10/12 06:00
MHDA- 2020/04/14 06:00
CRDT- 2019/10/12 06:00
PHST- 2019/07/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/09/29 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/10/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/10/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/04/14 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/10/12 06:00 [entrez]
AID - S1050-4648(19)30965-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.006 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2019 Dec;95:44-80. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.006. Epub 
      2019 Oct 8.