PMID- 31611919
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200930
IS  - 1687-966X (Print)
IS  - 1687-9678 (Electronic)
VI  - 2019
DP  - 2019
TI  - Glutamine Metabolism Is Essential for Stemness of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem 
      Cells and Bone Homeostasis.
PG  - 8928934
LID - 10.1155/2019/8928934 [doi]
LID - 8928934
AB  - Skeleton has emerged as an endocrine organ which is both capable of regulating 
      energy metabolism and being a target for it. Glutamine is the most bountiful and 
      flexible amino acid in the body which provides adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) 
      demands for cells. Emerging evidences support that glutamine which acts as the 
      second metabolic regulator after glucose exerts crucial roles in bone homeostasis 
      at cellular level, including the lineage allocation and proliferation of bone 
      mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), the matrix mineralization of osteoblasts, and the 
      biosynthesis in chondrocytes. The integrated mechanism consisting of WNT, 
      mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling 
      pathway in a glutamine-dependent pattern is responsible to regulate the complex 
      intrinsic biological process, despite more extensive molecules are deserved to be 
      elucidated in glutamine metabolism further. Indeed, dysfunctional glutamine 
      metabolism enhances the development of degenerative bone diseases, such as 
      osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, and glutamine or glutamine progenitor 
      supplementation can partially restore bone defects which may promote treatment of 
      bone diseases, although the mechanisms are not quite clear. In this review, we 
      will summarize and update the latest research findings and clinical trials on the 
      crucial regulatory roles of glutamine metabolism in BMSCs and BMSC-derived bone 
      cells, also followed with the osteoclasts which are important in bone resorption.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Tao Zhou et al.
FAU - Zhou, Tao
AU  - Zhou T
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7325-3629
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral 
      Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral 
      Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan 
      University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
FAU - Yang, Yuqing
AU  - Yang Y
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral 
      Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral 
      Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan 
      University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
FAU - Chen, Qianming
AU  - Chen Q
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral 
      Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral 
      Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan 
      University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
FAU - Xie, Liang
AU  - Xie L
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6308-2654
AD  - State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral 
      Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Research Unit of Oral 
      Carcinogenesis and Management, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan 
      University, 610041 Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20190912
PL  - United States
TA  - Stem Cells Int
JT  - Stem cells international
JID - 101535822
PMC - PMC6757285
COIS- The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the 
      publication of this paper.
EDAT- 2019/10/16 06:00
MHDA- 2019/10/16 06:01
PMCR- 2019/09/12
CRDT- 2019/10/16 06:00
PHST- 2019/05/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/08/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/10/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/10/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/10/16 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/09/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1155/2019/8928934 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Stem Cells Int. 2019 Sep 12;2019:8928934. doi: 10.1155/2019/8928934. eCollection 
      2019.