PMID- 31616251
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20211008
IS  - 1662-5102 (Print)
IS  - 1662-5102 (Electronic)
IS  - 1662-5102 (Linking)
VI  - 13
DP  - 2019
TI  - The Evolving Concept of the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB): From a Single Static 
      Barrier to a Heterogeneous and Dynamic Relay Center.
PG  - 405
LID - 10.3389/fncel.2019.00405 [doi]
LID - 405
AB  - The blood-brain barrier (BBB) helps maintain a tightly regulated microenvironment 
      for optimal central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and facilitates 
      communications with the peripheral circulation. The brain endothelial cells, 
      lining the brain's vasculature, maintain close interactions with surrounding 
      brain cells, e.g., astrocytes, pericytes and perivascular macrophages. This 
      function facilitates critical intercellular crosstalk, giving rise to the concept 
      of the neurovascular unit (NVU). The steady and appropriate communication between 
      all components of the NVU is essential for normal CNS homeostasis and function, 
      and dysregulation of one of its constituents can result in disease. Among the 
      different brain regions, and along the vascular tree, the cellular composition of 
      the NVU varies. Therefore, differential cues from the immediate vascular 
      environment can affect BBB phenotype. To support the fluctuating metabolic and 
      functional needs of the underlying neuropil, a specialized vascular heterogeneity 
      is required. This is achieved by variances in barrier function, expression of 
      transporters, receptors, and adhesion molecules. This mini-review will take you 
      on a journey through evolving concepts surrounding the BBB, the NVU and beyond. 
      Exploring classical experiments leading to new approaches will allow us to 
      understand that the BBB is not merely a static separation between the brain and 
      periphery but a closely regulated and interactive entity. We will discuss 
      shifting paradigms, and ultimately aim to address the importance of BBB 
      endothelial heterogeneity with regard to the function of the BBB within the NVU, 
      and touch on its implications for different neuropathologies.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019 Villabona-Rueda, Erice, Pardo and Stins.
FAU - Villabona-Rueda, Andres
AU  - Villabona-Rueda A
AD  - W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria 
      Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, 
      MD, United States.
FAU - Erice, Clara
AU  - Erice C
AD  - W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria 
      Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, 
      MD, United States.
FAU - Pardo, Carlos A
AU  - Pardo CA
AD  - Department of Neurology, Division of Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious 
      Disorders, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United 
      States.
FAU - Stins, Monique F
AU  - Stins MF
AD  - W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria 
      Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, 
      MD, United States.
LA  - eng
GR  - R01 HL130649/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States
GR  - R21 NS090233/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20190920
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Front Cell Neurosci
JT  - Frontiers in cellular neuroscience
JID - 101477935
PMC - PMC6763697
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - blood-brain barrier
OT  - brain cellular heterogeneity
OT  - cerebral endothelial cells
OT  - neurovascular unit
OT  - vascular heterogeneity
EDAT- 2019/10/17 06:00
MHDA- 2019/10/17 06:01
PMCR- 2019/01/01
CRDT- 2019/10/17 06:00
PHST- 2019/06/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/08/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/10/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/10/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/10/17 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3389/fncel.2019.00405 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Front Cell Neurosci. 2019 Sep 20;13:405. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00405. 
      eCollection 2019.