PMID- 31620325
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20200928
IS  - 2168-8184 (Print)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Electronic)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 8
DP  - 2019 Aug 16
TI  - Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: Management and Special Consideration in Human 
      Immunodeficiency Virus Positive Patients with Immune Reconstitution Syndrome.
PG  - e5402
LID - 10.7759/cureus.5402 [doi]
LID - e5402
AB  - The human body is capable of reacting to multiple aggressors by developing an 
      inflammatory response with the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. The worrisome 
      clinical manifestations occur when this inflammatory response is 
      disproportionate. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare and severe 
      condition characterized by an overwhelming inflammatory response that may result 
      in end-organ damage and might be fatal. Correspondingly, immune reconstitution 
      inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is another well-known disorder, seen commonly in 
      human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients after the commencement 
      of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Both entities share a similar 
      clinical presentation and a dismal prognosis. Due to widespread clinical 
      manifestations and laboratory abnormalities, diagnosis is often missed at the 
      time of presentation. There is little consensus on the treatment of secondary 
      HLH, which is usually handled on a case-by-case basis. Rapid curbing of the 
      widespread inflammatory response is the main goal of treatment. To the best of 
      our knowledge, there is scarce literature available on the coexistence of HLH and 
      IRIS; therefore, medical management in the co-occurrence of these two conditions 
      needs to be further investigated.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2019, Bindra et al.
FAU - Bindra, Bikramjit S
AU  - Bindra BS
AD  - Internal Medicine, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, IND.
FAU - Garcia de de Jesus, Katherine
AU  - Garcia de de Jesus K
AD  - Internal Medicine, St. Barnabas Hospital Health System / Albert Einstein College 
      of Medicine, Bronx, USA.
FAU - Cisneros, Oscar
AU  - Cisneros O
AD  - Internal Medicine, St. Barnabas Hospital Health System / Albert Einstein College 
      of Medicine, Bronx, USA.
FAU - Jorge, Vinicius M
AU  - Jorge VM
AD  - Hematology and Medical Oncology, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, 
      USA.
FAU - Kaur, Harpreet
AU  - Kaur H
AD  - Internal Medicine, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20190816
PL  - United States
TA  - Cureus
JT  - Cureus
JID - 101596737
PMC - PMC6793597
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
OT  - hlh
OT  - iris
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2019/10/18 06:00
MHDA- 2019/10/18 06:01
PMCR- 2019/08/16
CRDT- 2019/10/18 06:00
PHST- 2019/10/18 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/10/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2019/10/18 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2019/08/16 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.7759/cureus.5402 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Cureus. 2019 Aug 16;11(8):e5402. doi: 10.7759/cureus.5402.