PMID- 31623122
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20201001
LR  - 20231019
IS  - 2218-273X (Electronic)
IS  - 2218-273X (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 10
DP  - 2019 Oct 16
TI  - Fructans as Immunomodulatory and Antiviral Agents: The Case of Echinacea.
LID - 10.3390/biom9100615 [doi]
LID - 615
AB  - Throughout history, medicinal purposes of plants have been studied, documented, 
      and acknowledged as an integral part of human healthcare systems. The development 
      of modern medicine still relies largely on this historical knowledge of the use 
      and preparation of plants and their extracts. Further research into the human 
      microbiome highlights the interaction between immunomodulatory responses and 
      plant-derived, prebiotic compounds. One such group of compounds includes the 
      inulin-type fructans (ITFs), which may also act as signaling molecules and 
      antioxidants. These multifunctional compounds occur in a small proportion of 
      plants, many of which have recognized medicinal properties. Echinacea is a 
      well-known medicinal plant and products derived from it are sold globally for its 
      cold- and flu-preventative and general health-promoting properties. Despite the 
      well-documented phytochemical profile of Echinacea plants and products, little 
      research has looked into the possible role of ITFs in these products. This review 
      aims to highlight the occurrence of ITFs in Echinacea derived formulations and 
      the potential role they play in immunomodulation.
FAU - Dobrange, Erin
AU  - Dobrange E
AD  - Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. 
      erin.dobrange@kuleuven.be.
FAU - Peshev, Darin
AU  - Peshev D
AD  - Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. 
      darinpeshev@gmail.com.
FAU - Loedolff, Bianke
AU  - Loedolff B
AD  - Institute for Plant Biotechnology, Department of Genetics, Faculty of 
      AgriSciences, Stellenbosch University, Matieland 7602, South Africa. 
      bianke@sun.ac.za.
FAU - Van den Ende, Wim
AU  - Van den Ende W
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1137-3614
AD  - Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium. 
      wim.vandenende@kuleuven.be.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20191016
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Biomolecules
JT  - Biomolecules
JID - 101596414
RN  - 0 (Antioxidants)
RN  - 0 (Antiviral Agents)
RN  - 0 (Fructans)
RN  - 0 (Plant Extracts)
SB  - IM
MH  - Antioxidants/chemistry/isolation & purification/*pharmacology
MH  - Antiviral Agents/chemistry/isolation & purification/*pharmacology
MH  - Echinacea/*chemistry
MH  - Fructans/chemistry/isolation & purification/*pharmacology
MH  - Immune System/drug effects/immunology
MH  - *Immunomodulation
MH  - Plant Extracts/chemistry/isolation & purification/pharmacology
MH  - Viruses/*drug effects/immunology
PMC - PMC6843407
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Echinacea
OT  - antioxidants
OT  - fructans
OT  - herbal medicine
OT  - immunomodulation
OT  - prebiotics
COIS- The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2019/10/19 06:00
MHDA- 2020/10/02 06:00
PMCR- 2019/10/01
CRDT- 2019/10/19 06:00
PHST- 2019/09/19 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2019/10/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2019/10/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2019/10/19 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2019/10/19 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2020/10/02 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2019/10/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - biom9100615 [pii]
AID - biomolecules-09-00615 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/biom9100615 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Biomolecules. 2019 Oct 16;9(10):615. doi: 10.3390/biom9100615.